汉英对照:
Chinese-English Translation:
位图图像（bitmap）亦称为点阵图像或栅格图像，是由称作像素（图片元素）的单个点组成的。当放大位图时，可以看见赖以构成整个图像的无数单个方块。扩大位图尺寸的效果是增大单个像素，从而使线条和形状显得参差不齐。
Bitmap image, also known as lattice image or raster image, is composed of single points called pixels (picture elements). When you zoom in on the bitmap, you can see the countless individual squares that make up the entire image. The effect of enlarging the bitmap size is to increase a single pixel, resulting in uneven lines and shapes.
位图图像（bitmap），亦称为点阵图像或栅格图像，是由称作像素（图片元素）的单个点组成的。这些点可以进行不同的排列和染色以构成图样。当放大位图时，可以看见赖以构成整个图像的无数单个方块。扩大位图尺寸的效果是增大单个像素，从而使线条和形状显得参差不齐。然而，如果从稍远的位置观看它，位图图像的颜色和形状又显得是连续的。
Bitmap image (bitmap), also known as lattice image or raster image, is composed of single points called pixels (picture elements). The dots can be arranged and colored differently to form a pattern. When you zoom in on the bitmap, you can see the countless individual squares that make up the entire image. The effect of enlarging the bitmap size is to increase a single pixel, resulting in uneven lines and shapes. However, if viewed from a slightly distant position, the color and shape of the bitmap image appears to be continuous.
用数码相机拍摄的照片、扫描仪扫描的图片以及计算机截屏图等都属于位图。位图的特点是可以表现色彩的变化和颜色的细微过渡，产生逼真的效果，缺点是在保存时需要记录每一个像素的位置和颜色值，占用较大的存储空间。常用的位图处理软件有 Photoshop（同时也包含矢量功能）、Painter 和 Windows 系统自带的画图工具等，Adobe Illustrator 则是矢量图软件。
Photos taken with digital cameras, images scanned by scanners and computer screen shots are all bitmaps. The characteristic of bitmap is that it can show the change of color and the subtle transition of color, and produce realistic effect. The disadvantage is that it needs to record the position and color value of each pixel when saving, which takes up a large storage space. The commonly used bitmap processing software includes Photoshop (also including vector function), painter and drawing tools provided by Windows system. Adobe Illustrator is vector graphics software.
简介
brief introduction
亦称为点阵图像或栅格图像，是由称作像素（图片元素）的单个点组成的。这些点可以进行不同的排列和染色以构成图样。当放大位图时，可以看见赖以构成整个图像的无数单个方块。扩大位图尺寸的效果是增大单个像素，从而使线条和形状显得参差不齐。然而，如果从稍远的位置观看它，位图图像的颜色和形状又显得是连续的。由于每一个像素都是单独染色的，您可以通过以每次一个像素的频率操作选择区域而产生近似相片的逼真效果，诸如加深阴影和加重颜色。缩小位图尺寸也会使原图变形，因为此举是通过减小像素来使整个图像变小的。同样，由于位图图像是以排列的像素集合体形式创建的，所以不能单独操作（如移动）局部位图。
Also known as a lattice image or raster image, it is composed of a single point called a pixel (picture element). The dots can be arranged and colored differently to form a pattern. When you zoom in on the bitmap, you can see the countless individual squares that make up the entire image. The effect of enlarging the bitmap size is to increase a single pixel, resulting in uneven lines and shapes. However, if viewed from a slightly distant position, the color and shape of the bitmap image appears to be continuous. Since each pixel is individually colored, you can create realistic effects similar to a photo by manipulating the selection area at a pixel at a time, such as darkening shadows and accentuating colors. Reducing the size of the bitmap will also deform the original image, because this reduces the size of the entire image by reducing pixels. Similarly, since bitmap images are created in the form of an array of pixels, local bitmaps cannot be manipulated (e.g., moved) individually.
处理位图时，输出图像的质量决定于处理过程开始时设置的分辨率高低。分辨率是一个笼统的术语，它指一个图像文件中包含的细节和信息的大小，以及输入、输出、或显示设备能够产生的细节程度。操作位图时，分辨率既会影响最后输出的质量也会影响文件的大小。处理位图需要三思而后行，因为给图像选择的分辨率通常在整个过程中都伴随着文件。无论是在一个 300dpi 的打印机还是在一个 2570dpi 的照排设备上印刷位图文件，文件总是以创建图像时所设的分辨率大小印刷，除非打印机的分辨率低于图像的分辨率。如果希望最终输出看起来和屏幕上显示的一样，那么在开始工作前，就需要了解图像的分辨率和不同设备分辨率之间的关系,显然矢量图就不必考虑这么多。
When processing bitmaps, the quality of the output image depends on the resolution set at the beginning of the processing. Resolution is a general term that refers to the size of detail and information contained in an image file, as well as the level of detail that can be produced by input, output, or display devices. When manipulating bitmaps, resolution affects both the quality of the final output and the size of the file. Processing bitmaps takes a second thought, because the resolution chosen for an image usually accompanies the file throughout the process. Whether printing a bitmap file on a 300 dpi printer or a 2570 DPI Imagesetter, the file is always printed at the resolution set when the image was created, unless the resolution of the printer is lower than that of the image. If you want the final output to look the same as what is displayed on the screen, you need to understand the relationship between the image resolution and the resolution of different devices before you start to work. Obviously, vector images don’t have to consider so much.
原理
principle
树叶位图
Leaf bitmap
颜色编码
Color coding
RGB
RGB
位图颜色的一种编码方法，用红、绿、蓝三原色的光学强度来表示一种颜色。这是最常见的位图编码方法，可以直接用于屏幕显示。
A coding method of bitmap color, in which the optical intensity of red, green, and blue primary colors is used to represent a color. This is the most common bitmap encoding method, which can be directly used for screen display.
CMYK
CMYK
位图颜色的一种编码方法，用青、品红、黄、黑四种颜料含量来表示一种颜色。常用的位图编码方法之一，可以直接用于彩色印刷。
A coding method of bitmap color, using cyan, magenta, yellow, black pigment content to represent a color. One of the commonly used bitmap coding methods can be directly used in color printing.
图像属性
Image properties
索引颜色/颜色表
Index color / color table
位图常用的一种压缩方法。从位图图片中选择最有代表性的若干种颜色（通常不超过 256 种）编制成颜色表，然后将图片中原有颜色用颜色表的索引来表示。这样原图片可以被大幅度有损压缩。适合于压缩网页图形等颜色数较少的图形，不适合压缩照片等色彩丰富的图形。
A common compression method of bitmap. The most representative colors (usually no more than 256) are selected from the bitmap image to compile a color table, and then the original colors of the image are represented by the index of the color table. In this way, the original image can be greatly lossy compressed. It is suitable for compressing graphics with less colors such as webpage graphics, but not suitable for compressing colorful graphics such as photos.
Alpha 通道
Alpha channel
在原有的图片编码方法基础上，增加像素的透明度信息。图形处理中，通常把 RGB 三种颜色信息称为红通道、绿通道和蓝通道，相应的把透明度称为 Alpha 通道。多数使用颜色表的位图格式都支持 Alpha 通道。
On the basis of the original image coding method, the transparency information of pixels is added. In graphics processing, RGB color information is usually called red channel, green channel and blue channel, and transparency is called alpha channel. Most bitmap formats that use color tables support alpha channels.
色彩深度
Color depth
色彩深度又叫色彩位数，即位图中要用多少个二进制位来表示每个点的颜色，是分辨率的一个重要指标。常用有 1 位（单色），2 位（4 色，CGA），4 位（16 色，VGA），8 位（256 色），16 位（增强色），24 位和 32 位（真彩色）等。色深 8 位及以上的位图还可以根据其中分别表示 RGB 三原色或 CMYK 四原色（有的还包括 Alpha 通道）的位数进一步分类，如 16 位位图图片还可分为 R5G6B5，R5G5B5X1（有 1 位不携带信息），R5G5B5A1，R4G4B4A4 等等。
Color depth is also called color bits, that is, how many binary bits are used to represent the color of each point in the bit map, which is an important indicator of resolution. Commonly used are 1-bit (monochrome), 2-bit (4-color, CGA), 4-bit (16 color, VGA), 8-bit (256 color), 16 bit (enhanced color), 24-bit and 32-bit (true color). Bitmaps with color depth of 8 bits and above can be further classified according to the number of bits representing RGB three primary colors or CMYK four primary colors (some also include alpha channel). For example, 16 bit bitmap images can also be divided into r5g6b5, r5g5b5x1 (with one bit without information), r5g5b5b5a1, r4g4b4a4, etc.
分辨率
resolving power
处理位图时，要着重考虑分辨率。
When working with bitmaps, you should focus on resolution.
处理位图时，输出图像的质量决定于处理过程开始时设置的分辨率高低。分辨率是一个笼统的术语，它指一个图像文件中包含的细节和信息的大小，以及输入、输出、或显示设备能够产生的细节程度。操作位图时，分辨率既会影响最后输出的质量也会影响文件的大小。处理位图需要三思而后行，因为给图像选择的分辨率通常在整个过程中都伴随着文件。无论是在一个 300 dpi 的打印机还是在一个 2570dpi 的照排设备上印刷位图文件，文件总是以创建图像时所设的分辨率大小印刷，除非打印机的分辨率低于图像的分辨率。如果希望最终输出看起来和屏幕上显示的一样，那么在开始工作前，就需要了解图像的分辨率和不同设备分辨率之间的关系。显然矢量图就不必考虑这么多。
When processing bitmaps, the quality of the output image depends on the resolution set at the beginning of the processing. Resolution is a general term that refers to the size of detail and information contained in an image file, as well as the level of detail that can be produced by input, output, or display devices. When manipulating bitmaps, resolution affects both the quality of the final output and the size of the file. Processing bitmaps takes a second thought, because the resolution chosen for an image usually accompanies the file throughout the process. Whether printing a bitmap file on a 300 dpi printer or a 2570 DPI Imagesetter, the file is always printed at the resolution set when the image was created, unless the resolution of the printer is lower than that of the image. If you want the final output to look like it’s on the screen, you need to understand the relationship between the resolution of the image and the resolution of different devices before you start working. Obviously, vector graphs don’t have to be considered that much.
压缩方法
Compression method
颜色表
color table
从位图图片中选择最有代表性的若干种颜色（通常不超过 256 种）编制成颜色表，然后将图片中原有颜色用颜色表的索引来表示。这样原图片可以被大幅度有损压缩。适合于压缩网页图形等颜色数较少的图形，不适合压缩照片等色彩丰富的图形。（索引颜色/颜色表）
The most representative colors (usually no more than 256) are selected from the bitmap image to compile a color table, and then the original colors of the image are represented by the index of the color table. In this way, the original image can be greatly lossy compressed. It is suitable for compressing graphics with less colors such as webpage graphics, but not suitable for compressing colorful graphics such as photos. (index color / color table)
Alpha 通道
Alpha channel
在原有的图片编码方法基础上，增加像素的透明度信息。图形处理中，通常把 RGB 三种颜色信息称为红通道、绿通道和蓝通道，相应的把透明度称为 Alpha 通道。多数使用颜色表的位图格式都支持 Alpha 通道。
On the basis of the original image coding method, the transparency information of pixels is added. In graphics processing, RGB color information is usually called red channel, green channel and blue channel, and transparency is called alpha channel. Most bitmap formats that use color tables support alpha channels.
色彩深度
Color depth
色彩深度又叫色彩位数，即位图中要用多少个二进制位来表示每个点的颜色，是分辨率的一个重要指标。常用有 1 位（单色），2 位（4 色，CGA），4 位（16 色，VGA），8 位（256 色），16 位（增强色），24 位和 32 位（真彩色）等。色深 16 位以上的位图还可以根据其中分别表示 RGB 三原色或 CMYK 四原色（有的还包括 Alpha 通道）的位数进一步分类，如 16 位位图图片还可分为 R5G6B5，R5G5B5X1（有 1 位不携带信息），R5G5B5A1，R4G4B4A4 等等
Color depth is also called color bits, that is, how many binary bits are used to represent the color of each point in the bit map, which is an important indicator of resolution. Commonly used are 1-bit (monochrome), 2-bit (4-color, CGA), 4-bit (16 color, VGA), 8-bit (256 color), 16 bit (enhanced color), 24-bit and 32-bit (true color). Bitmaps with color depth more than 16 bits can be further classified according to the number of bits representing RGB primary color or CMYK four primary color (some also include alpha channel). For example, 16 bit bitmap images can also be divided into r5g6b5, r5g5b5x1 (one bit does not carry information), r5g5b5b5a1, r4g4b4a4, etc
位图文件
Bitmap file
BMP 是一种与硬件设备无关的图像文件格式，使用非常广。它采用位映射存储格式，除了图像深度可选以外，不采用其他任何压缩，因此，BblP 文件所占用的空间很大。BMP 文件的图像深度可选 1bit、4bit、8bit 及 24bit。BMP 文件存储数据时，图像的扫描方式是按从左到右、从下到上的顺序。
It’s a hardware independent file format. It uses bit mapping storage format, and does not use any other compression except image depth. Therefore, the space occupied by bblp file is very large. The image depth of BMP file can be 1 bit, 4 bit, 8 bit and 24 bit. When BMP files store data, the scanning mode of images is from left to right and from bottom to top.
由于 BMP 文件格式是 Windows 环境中交换与图有关的数据的一种标准，因此在 Windows 环境中运行的图形图像软件都支持 BMP 图像格式。
Since BMP file format is a standard for exchanging graph related data in Windows environment, all graphics and image software running in Windows environment support BMP image format.
典型的 BMP 图像文件由三部分组成：位图文件头数据结构，它包含 BMP 图像文件的类型、显示内容等信息；位图信息数据结构，它包含有 BMP 图像的宽、高、压缩方法，以及定义颜色等信息。
A typical BMP image file consists of three parts: bitmap file header data structure, which contains BMP image file type, display content and other information; bitmap information data structure, which contains BMP image width, height, compression method, and definition of color and other information.
比较
compare
位图与矢量图比较
Comparison of bitmap and vector
图像类型
image type
组成
form
优点
advantage
缺点
shortcoming
常用制作工具
Common production tools
点阵图像
Lattice image
像素
pixel
只要有足够多的不同色彩的像素，就可以制作出色彩丰富的图象，逼真地表现自然界的景象
As long as there are enough pixels of different colors, we can make colorful images to show the natural scene vividly
缩放和旋转容易失真，同时文件容量较大
Scaling and rotation are easy to be distorted, and the file capacity is large
Photoshop、画图等
Photoshop, drawing, etc
矢量图像
Vector image
数学向量
Mathematical vector
文件容量较小，在进行放大、缩小或旋转等操作时图象不会失真
The file size is small, and the image will not be distorted when zooming in, zooming out or rotating
不易制作色彩变化太多的图象
It is not easy to make images with too many color changes
Illustrator、Flash、CorelDraw 等
Illustrator, flash, CorelDRAW, etc
