汉英对照:
Chinese-English Translation:
ODM是指原始设计制造商是由采购方委托制造方提供从研发、设计到生产、后期维护的全部服务，而由采购方负责销售的生产方式。采购方通常也会授权其品牌，允许制造方生产贴有该品牌的产品。
ODM means that the manufacturer and the buyer are responsible for the whole process from design and maintenance. The buyer usually also authorizes its brand and allows the manufacturer to produce products with the brand.
ODM是英语 Original Design Manufacturer 的缩写，指原始设计制造商是由采购方委托制造方提供从研发、设计到生产、后期维护的全部服务，而由采购方负责销售的生产方式。采购方通常也会授权其品牌，允许制造方生产贴有该品牌的产品。
ODM is the abbreviation of original design manufacturer in English. It refers to the mode of production in which the purchaser entrusts the manufacturer to provide all services from R & D, design to production and post maintenance, while the purchaser is responsible for sales. The buyer usually also authorizes its brand and allows the manufacturer to produce products with the brand.
某制造商设计出一种产品后，在某些情况下可能会被另外一些品牌的制造商看中，要求配上后者的品牌名称来进行生产，又或者稍微修改一些设计(如按键位置)来生产。这样做的最大好处是其他厂商减少了自己研制的时间。有些人也习惯性称这些产品是 OEM，实际上应该称之为 ODM(Original Design Manufacturer，原始设计制造商)。
After a manufacturer designs a product, in some cases, it may be looked upon by the manufacturers of other brands, requiring the latter’s brand name for production, or slightly modifying some design (such as key position) to produce. The biggest advantage of this is that other manufacturers reduce their own development time. Some people also habitually call these products OEM, in fact, they should be called ODM (original design manufacturer).
ODM 的执行方式
How to execute ODM
ODM 厂商设计的产品方案可采取买断或不买断的方式提供给品牌拥有方：
Product solutions designed by ODM manufacturers can be provided to the brand owners in the form of buyout or non buyout
买断方式：由品牌拥有方买断 ODM 厂商现成的某型号产品的设计，或品牌拥有方单独要求 ODM 厂商为自己设计产品方案。
Buyout mode: the brand owner buys out the design of a certain model product of ODM manufacturer, or the brand owner independently requests ODM manufacturer to design product scheme for itself.
不买断方式：品牌拥有方不买断 ODM 厂商某型号产品的设计，ODM 厂商可将同型号产品的设计采取不买断的方式同时卖给其他品牌。当这两个或多个品牌共享一个设计时，两个品牌产品的区别主要在于外观。
No buyout: if the brand owner does not buy out the design of a certain model product of ODM manufacturer, ODM manufacturer can sell the design of the same model product to other brands at the same time. When two or more brands share a design, the main difference between the two brands is the appearance.
ODM 的优势
Advantages of ODM
全球电子业都在考虑生存问题的时候，在中国的台湾和大陆却活跃着一支迅速成长的新生力量，分析家们把他们叫做 ODM(OriginalDesignManufacturer)，即“原始设计制造商”。在对电子制造服务 EMS(ElectronicsManufacturingService)的讨论还未冷却的时候，人们又把目光投向了 ODM。
While the global electronic industry is considering the survival problem, there is a new force growing rapidly in Taiwan and Mainland China. Analysts call them ODM (original design manufacturer), or “original design manufacturer”. When the discussion of EMS (electronic manufacturing service) has not cooled down, people turn their attention to ODM.
顾名思义，ODM 除了向整机品牌商(OEM)提供生产制造的代工服务之外，还提供部件或整机的多套设计方案。这些设计通常是现成的，而且完成了外观、元器件选型、生产工艺流程及小批量试生产的测试。OEM 客户可随意挑选设计方案，然后马上投入批量生产。而电子制造服务提供商(OEM)则通常按客户提供的设计进行代工生产。
As the name implies, ODM not only provides OEM services for OEM, but also provides multiple sets of design schemes for parts or complete machines. These designs are usually ready-made, and have completed the test of appearance, component selection, production process and small batch trial production. OEM customers can choose the design scheme at will and put it into mass production immediately. However, electronic manufacturing service providers (OEM) usually carry out OEM production according to the design provided by customers.
“由于全球经济放缓，OEM 厂商在过去两年中表现不佳，但我们仍然在增长。我们的手机运销量在 2001 年增长了 50%，2002 年几乎翻倍。未来五年台湾[ODM]厂商生产的手机将占全球的 50%至 60%，”台湾 ODM 厂商明基公司(BenQ)的无线业务部总经理 IrwinChen 说。
“OEM manufacturers have not performed well in the past two years due to the global economic slowdown, but we are still growing. Our mobile phone sales increased by 50% in 2001 and almost doubled in 2002. In the next five years, Taiwan [ODM] manufacturers will produce 50% to 60% of the world’s mobile phones, “said Irwin Chen, general manager of wireless business at BenQ, a Taiwanese ODM manufacturer.
其实手机生产只是 ODM 厂商开拓的一小片新领域。根据德意志银行证券公司美国分部的分析师 ChrisWhitmore 的报告，ODM 所生产的笔记本电脑在全球已占近 60%的份额，预计到 2004 年将增长到 80%。
In fact, mobile phone production is just a small new field developed by ODM manufacturers. According to Chris Whitmore, an analyst at Deutsche Bank Securities in the U.S., ODM already accounts for nearly 60% of the world’s notebook computers and is expected to grow to 80% by 2004.
天时地利人合造就了 ODM 的成功。随意翻看一些资料就会发现，ODM 制造商带有鲜明的特征：年产值排名前十几家的 ODM 清一色都是台湾厂商，以电脑及周边设备为主要产品，近几年都将生产基地从台湾转移到中国大陆。
The success of ODM is due to the favorable time, place and people. Looking at some information, you can see that ODM manufacturers have distinct characteristics: the top ten companies in the year of output value are ODM manufacturers in Taiwan, computer and peripheral equipment as main products, and the production base has been transferred from Taiwan to Chinese mainland in recent years uniform.
首先，台湾拥有完整的 PC 产业群体，使 ODM 厂商能够获得低价格元器件和部件的供应。多年的改革开放使中国成为理想的低成本制造基地，而台湾厂商与大陆同根同源，地域相近，自然近水楼台，进一步获得低成本优势。此时恰遇全球 IT 市场低落迫使 OEM 寻求外包以降低成本、投资规模及风险，在中国大陆广泛布局的台商自然成为首选。另一方面，相对于市场的飞速发展，中国本土的 OEM 厂商缺少设计能力和生产经验，因此不得不寻找 ODM 厂商代工。与大陆语言相通的台湾厂商又成为最佳合作伙伴。
First of all, Taiwan has a complete PC industry group, which enables ODM manufacturers to obtain the supply of low-cost components and components. After years of reform and opening up, China has become an ideal low-cost manufacturing base. However, Taiwan manufacturers have the same roots and the same origin with the mainland, and they are close to each other in the region, so they can further gain the low-cost advantage. At this time, the global IT market is down, forcing OEM to seek outsourcing to reduce costs, investment scale and risks. Taiwanese businessmen who have been widely distributed in Chinese mainland naturally become the first choice. On the other hand, compared with the rapid development of the market, Chinese OEM manufacturers lack of design capacity and production experience, so they have to find ODM manufacturers for OEM. Taiwan manufacturers who share the same language with the mainland have become the best partners.
利用中国的低成本优势，这些台湾 ODM 厂商几乎包揽了全球台式电脑部件甚至电脑整机的生产，在笔记本电脑方面也占据了半壁江山。事实上，IBM、戴尔、惠普、索尼，爱立信、NEC、摩托罗拉等一些著名品牌的 OEM 厂商都已将电脑、手机等产品的部件或整机委托明基、仁宝、GVC、广达、大众等 ODM 厂商生产。根据美国 IDC 公司的数据，2001 年 ODM 的年产值达到了 157 亿美元，2002 年约为 225 亿美元。预测 2006 年将达到 279 亿美元，年复合增长率在 10%至 20%之间。
Taking advantage of China’s low-cost advantages, these Taiwan ODM manufacturers almost take over the global production of desktop computer components and even complete computers, and account for half of the notebook computer industry. In fact, some famous OEM manufacturers such as IBM, Dell, HP, Sony, Ericsson, NEC, Motorola and other famous brands have entrusted parts or complete machines of computers and mobile phones to ODM manufacturers such as BenQ, Renbao, GVC, Guangda and Volkswagen. According to the data of IDC, the annual output value of ODM reached 15.7 billion US dollars in 2001 and 22.5 billion US dollars in 2002. It is predicted that in 2006, it will reach 27.9 billion US dollars, with an annual compound growth rate between 10% and 20%.
ODM 的优势之一在于抢占了“方案设计”这一制高点。在一个产业链中，出现瓶颈效应的环节会成为制高点，抓住这个环节的企业将拥有特殊的优势，并获得最高利润。从制造产业来说，包括表面贴装(SMT)技术在内，电子产品的组装生产工艺基本上成熟，成为门槛较低的行当，而设计越升为影响竞争力的主要因素。电子产品的功能与结构日趋复杂，指标也更加苛刻，设计周期在产品上市时间中的比重加大。ODM 将设计环节包揽下来，利用在 PC 领域的优势为客户提供现成的多种方案，最大限度地缩短了客户产品的上市时间。在电子产品更新换代如此迅速的今天，ODM 模式自然生逢其时。
One of the advantages of ODM is to seize the commanding height of “scheme design”. In an industrial chain, the link with bottleneck effect will become the commanding point, and the enterprises that grasp this link will have special advantages and obtain the highest profits. From the manufacturing industry, including surface mount (SMT) technology, the assembly and production process of electronic products is basically mature, which has become a low threshold business, and design has become the main factor affecting competitiveness. The function and structure of electronic products are becoming more and more complex, and the indicators are more stringent. The proportion of design cycle in the time to market is increasing. ODM takes advantage of its advantages in the field of PC to provide customers with a variety of ready-made solutions, which greatly shortens the time to market of customers’ products. With the rapid upgrading of electronic products, the ODM mode naturally comes into being.
ODM 代工的产品已从原来的电脑产品向手机、服务器、PDA、网络设备等领域扩张。比如，台湾第一大笔记本电脑厂商广达正积极地向无线通讯市场渗透，为西门子和松下生产手机。而台湾华宇电脑公司也在去年间从索尼-爱立信移动通信公司的手中抢得一份手机代工合同。虽然 ODM 在这些领域尚需克服一些技术难关，但未来几年这些产品的设计与生产技术成熟后，ODM 有可能在这些新的市场上再度取得骄人的业绩。
ODM OEM products have expanded from the original computer products to mobile phones, servers, PDA, network equipment and other fields. For example, quanta, Taiwan’s largest notebook computer manufacturer, is actively infiltrating the wireless communication market, producing mobile phones for Siemens and Panasonic. Taiwan’s Huayu computer company also won a contract for mobile phone OEM from Sony Ericsson mobile communication company in the past year. Although ODM still needs to overcome some technical difficulties in these fields, after the design and production technology of these products are mature in the next few years, ODM may make remarkable achievements in these new markets again.
不过，作为以制造为主业的承包商，ODM 能够附带提供多种设计方案也有一个条件，即目标产品的市场规模、技术成熟水平及标准普及程度必须达到一定水平，市场上的产品比较同质化。这类产品的系统设计难度不大，而且有普遍的适用性。比如在 ODM 所擅长的 PC 领域，所有器件或部件都遵守 WINTEL 架构，PC 的设计已沦为类似搭积木式的游戏。ODM 正在攻取的 GSM 移动电话产品也具有这样的特点。在其它标准尚未统一的领域，ODM 似乎难以替代专业 OEM 厂商的设计行家。
However, as a manufacturing contractor, ODM can also provide a variety of design solutions, that is, the market scale, technology maturity level and standard popularity of the target products must reach a certain level, and the products in the market are relatively homogeneous. The system design of this kind of products is not difficult and has universal applicability. For example, in the PC field where ODM is good at, all devices or components comply with Wintel architecture, and PC design has become a game similar to building blocks. The GSM mobile phone products that ODM is taking also have such characteristics. In the field where other standards are not unified, ODM seems to be difficult to replace the design experts of professional OEM manufacturers.
ODM 和 OEM 的区别
The difference between ODM and OEM
OEM 和 ODM 的主要区别就在于 OEM 是由委托方提出产品设计方案，不管整体设计是由谁完成的，被委托方不得为第三方提供采用该设计的产品；而 ODM 从设计到生产都由生产方自行完成，在产品成型后贴牌方买走的。生产方是否能为第三方生产同样的产品，取决于贴牌方是否买断该设计方案。说白了，OEM 和 ODM 的不同点，核心就在于产品究竟是谁享有知识产权，如果是委托方享有产品的知识产权，那就是 OEM，也就是俗称的“代工”；而如果是生产者所进行的整体设计，那就是 ODM。例如一些日本品牌的笔记本电脑实际上就是由台湾厂商代工生产的。事后，台湾笔记本电脑制造商只要修改某些设计细节或配件便可以以自己的品牌名称进行批量生产。原因在于它们为这些日本品牌作的是 ODM 而非 OEM。当然，我们可以说它们都是从同一条生产线生产出来。OEM 和 ODM 两者最大的区别不单单是名称而已。OEM 产品是为品牌厂商度身订造的，生产后也只能使用该品牌名称，绝对不能冠上生产者自己的名称再进行生产。而 ODM 则要看品牌企业有没有买断该产品的版权。如果没有的话，制造商有权自己组织生产，只要没有企业公司的设计识别即可。
The main difference between OEM and ODM is that OEM is designed by the entrusting party. No matter who completes the overall design, the entrusted party is not allowed to provide the third party with products adopting the design; ODM is completed by the manufacturer from design to production, and the OEM buys the product after the product is formed. Whether the manufacturer can produce the same product for a third party depends on whether the OEM buys out the design. To put it bluntly, the difference between OEM and ODM lies in who owns the intellectual property right of the product. If the client owns the intellectual property right of the product, it is OEM, which is commonly known as “OEM”; if it is the overall design carried out by the manufacturer, it is ODM. For example, some Japanese brand laptops are actually manufactured by Taiwanese manufacturers. After the event, Taiwan’s notebook computer manufacturers can mass produce under their own brand names as long as they modify certain design details or accessories. The reason is that they do ODM for these Japanese brands, not OEM. Of course, they all come from the same production line. The biggest difference between OEM and ODM is not just the name. OEM products are tailor-made for brand manufacturers. After production, they can only use the brand name, and can not produce under the name of the manufacturer. ODM depends on whether the brand enterprise has bought out the copyright of the product. If not, the manufacturer has the right to organize production by himself, as long as there is no design identification of the enterprise.
OEM 一词在电脑硬件产品中简直实在是太普遍了，像 OEM 光驱、OEM 显示器、OEM 鼠标什么的。有些人甚至以为它是一个有质量保证的品牌。那么，你对 OEM 又有多少认识呢？说一件产品是 OEM 产品是否就代表信得过呢？
The term OEM is so common in computer hardware products, such as OEM optical drive, OEM monitor, OEM mouse and so on. Some people even think it is a brand with guaranteed quality. So, how much do you know about OEM? Is it credible to say that a product is an OEM product?
其实，OEM 与现代工业社会有着密切的关系。一些著名的品牌商品制造商，常常因为自己的厂房不能达到大批量生产的要求，又或者需要某些特定的零件，因此向其他厂商求助。 这些伸出援手的厂商就被称为 OEM(Original Equipment Manufacturer，原始设备生产商)。如将之引申到 IT 领域的话，则表示那些进行代工的生产商。例如 CPU 风扇，Intel 或 AMD 公司本身并不生产，它们通常会找像日本三洋公司这样的专业电机制造企业作风扇 OEM 生产。
In fact, OEM has a close relationship with modern industrial society. Some famous brand goods manufacturers often turn to other manufacturers for help because their factories can not meet the requirements of mass production or need some specific parts. These manufacturers are called OEM (original equipment manufacturer). If it is extended to the field of it, it means those manufacturers who undertake OEM. For example, CPU fans are not produced by Intel or AMD companies themselves. They usually find professional motor manufacturers such as Sanyo in Japan to OEM fans.
ODM 又是怎么一回事呢？例如一些日本品牌的笔记本电脑实际上就是由台湾厂商代工生产的。事后，台湾笔记本电脑制造商只要修改某些设计细节或配件便可以以自己的品牌名称进行批量生产。原因在于它们为这些日本品牌作的是 ODM 而非 OEM。当然，我们可以说它们都是从同一条生产线生产出来。
What about ODM? In fact, some notebook manufacturers in Taiwan are OEM manufacturers. After the event, Taiwan’s notebook computer manufacturers can mass produce under their own brand names as long as they modify certain design details or accessories. The reason is that they do ODM for these Japanese brands, not OEM. Of course, we can say that they are all produced from the same production line.
OEM 和 ODM 两者最大的区别不单单是名称而已。OEM 产品是为品牌厂商度身订造的，生产后也只能使用该品牌名称，绝对不能冠上生产者自己的名称再进行生产。而 ODM 则要看品牌企业有没有买断该产品的版权。如果没有的话，制造商有权自己组织生产，只要没有企业公司的设计识别即可。
The biggest difference between OEM and ODM is not just the name. OEM products are tailor-made for brand manufacturers. After production, they can only use the brand name, and can not produce under the name of the manufacturer. ODM depends on whether the brand enterprise has bought out the copyright of the product. If not, the manufacturer has the right to organize production by himself, as long as there is no design identification of the enterprise.
在工业社会中，OEM 和 ODM 可谓司空见惯。因为出于制造成本、运输方便性、节省开发时间等方面的考虑，知名品牌企业一般都愿意找其他厂商 OEM 或 ODM。在找别的企业进行 OEM 或 ODM 时，知名品牌企业也要承担不少责任。毕竟产品冠的是自己的牌子，如果产品质量不佳的话，少则有顾客找上门投诉，重则可能要上法庭。所以，品牌企业在委托加工期间肯定会进行严格的质量控制。但代工结束后，质量不敢保证。故此，当有的商家告诉你某件产品的生产商是某大品牌的 OEM 或 ODM 产品时，绝不要相信其质量就等同于该品牌。你唯一能够相信的，是这家制造商有一定的生产能力。
OEM and ODM are common in industrial society. Because of the consideration of manufacturing cost, transportation convenience and saving development time, well-known brand enterprises are generally willing to find other manufacturers OEM or ODM. When looking for other enterprises to carry out OEM or ODM, well-known brand enterprises also have to bear a lot of responsibilities. After all, the top brand of a product is its own brand. If the product quality is poor, few customers will come to the door to complain, or even go to court. Therefore, brand enterprises will certainly carry out strict quality control during the period of entrusted processing. But after OEM, the quality can not be guaranteed. Therefore, when some businesses tell you that the manufacturer of a certain product is an OEM or ODM product of a big brand, never believe that its quality is equivalent to the brand. The only thing you can believe is that the manufacturer has a certain production capacity.
