汉英对照:
Chinese-English Translation:
SIM卡是数字蜂窝移动电话的用户识别卡，在GSM数字移动电话系统中，SIM卡起着极其重要的作用，它既是手机的一个重要组成部分，又是为每一个GSM移动电话用户配备的身份卡，因此，SIM卡实现了认人不认机的构想。
SIM card is the user identification card of digital cellular mobile phone. In GSM digital mobile phone system, SIM card plays an extremely important role. It is not only an important part of mobile phone, but also an identity card for every GSM mobile phone user. Therefore, SIM card realizes the idea of recognizing people but not machines.
SIM 卡是数字蜂窝移动电话的用户识别卡，在 GSM 数字移动电话系统中，SIM 卡起着极其重要的作用，它既是手机的一个重要组成部分，又是为每一个 GSM 移动电话用户配备的身份卡，因此，SIM 卡实现了认人不认机的构想。
SIM card is the user identification card of digital cellular mobile phone. In GSM digital mobile phone system, SIM card plays an extremely important role. It is not only an important part of mobile phone, but also an identity card for every GSM mobile phone user. Therefore, SIM card realizes the idea of recognizing people but not machines.
SIM 卡存储的信息
Information stored in SIM card
(1)安全数据。SIM 卡中有安全数据和计数装置，这些数据如下：
(1) Security data. The SIM card contains security data and counting devices, which are as follows:
①CHVl 用户个人通行字。
① Chvl user personal password.
②CHVl 的激活或免激活指针。
② Activation or non activation pointer of chvl.
③CHVl 的错误计数。
③ Error count for chvl.
④CHVl 的解锁密钥。
④ The unlock key of chvl.
⑤解锁密钥的错误计数。
⑤ Error count for unlock key.
⑥Ki，用户鉴权密钥。
⑥ Ki, user authentication key.
(2)GSM 目录的强制性数据。好几个文件应强制性存在于 GSM 目录中，并由 SIM 卡管理，这些数据如下：
(2) Mandatory data of GSM directory. Several files should be mandatory in the GSM directory and managed by SIM card. These data are as follows:
①管理信息，该参数允许好几种移动运算形式。例如，运营者可以做一些网络测试用的 SIM 卡。
① Management information, which allows several forms of mobile computing. For example, operators can do some SIM cards for network testing.
②SIM 卡 GSM 阶段的识别。
② SIM card GSM phase identification.
③IMSI，用户身份的国际同一性。
③ IMSI, international identity of user identity.
④接入控制级别，该参数可以限制用户的接入(即在 RACH 信道上发出申请)，可限制在原始国内、原始网内或给他授权的范围内。
④ Access control level, this parameter can limit the user’s access (i.e. sending applications on the RACH channel), and can be limited to the original country, the original network or the scope authorized by him.
⑤命名网络的搜寻周期，该值用分钟表示，当移动台漫游到原始国之外时，该值用来强制移动台周期性地返回其命名网络。
⑤ The search period of the named network. This value is expressed in minutes. When the mobile station roams outside the original country, this value is used to force the mobile station to return to its named network periodically.
⑥SIM 服务表，指示由中继授权选择的功能并由使用者激活。
⑥ Sim service table indicating the functions selected by relay authorization and activated by the user.
下面的文件记录了移动台使用中最近发生的情况，一旦使用者进入了 CHVl 码，通过终端可修改以下数据。
The following file records the recent situation in the use of the mobile station. Once the user enters the chvl code, the following data can be modified through the terminal.
①定位信息，该记录包括当日周期性定位记时和当日状态等。
① Location information, which includes periodic positioning and timing of the day and status of the day.
②频率表，当移动台选择一个小区时，优先在表中寻找信标频道。该频率表包括有常用小区的相邻小区的信标频道，从而减少了搜寻时问。
② Frequency table: when a cell is selected by the mobile station, the beacon channel is first found in the table. The frequency table includes beacon channels of adjacent cells with common cells, thus reducing the search time.
③4 个网络表，是最近试图登录和被拒绝登录的网络表。
③ The four network tables are the network tables that were recently attempted to log in and refused to log in.
④密钥 Kc 和密钥号码。
④ Key Kc and key number.
(3)GSM 目录的可选性数据。有些数据可存储于 SIM 卡中，但不是强制性的，它们是：
(3) Optional data of GSM directory. Some data can be stored in the SIM card, but it is not mandatory
①短消息类型，移动台可收到的短消息。
① Short message type, short message that mobile station can receive.
②运营商名(仅由管理模块修改)。好几个文件与收费通知单的附加业务有联系，如单位计数器、单价表等。
② Operator name (modified by management module only). Several documents are related to the additional business of charge notice, such as unit counter, unit price list, etc.
(4)电信目录的可选性数据。一定数量的数据与电信服务相联系或组合在电信目录中，下列文件记录了在用户终端上的新近活动：
(4) Optional data of Telecom directory. A certain amount of data is associated or combined with telecommunication services in the telecommunication directory. The following documents record the latest activities on the user terminal:
①最近的被叫号码。
① The nearest called number.
②缩位号码表和附加业务控制表。
② Reduced number table and additional service control table.
③结构／容量参数，它给出了支持服务所必需的容量。
③ Structure / capacity parameter, which gives the necessary capacity to support the service.
SIM 卡的结构
Structure of SIM card
SIM 卡是带有微处理器的芯片，包括 5 个模块，每个模块对应一个功能：微处理器、程序存储器、工作存储器、数据存储器和串行通信单元。一般有 6 个端口：电源、时钟、数据、复位、接地端和编程端。如下图所示。
SIM card is a chip with microprocessor, including five modules, each module corresponding to a function: microprocessor, program memory, working memory, data memory and serial communication unit. Generally, there are six ports: power supply, clock, data, reset, ground terminal and programming terminal. As shown in the figure below.
SIM 卡座在手机中提供手机与 SIM 卡通信的接口。通过卡座上的弹簧片与 SIM 卡接触，所以如果弹簧片变形，会导致 SIM 卡故障，如显示“检查卡”或“插人卡”等。卡电路中的电源 SIM Vcc、SIM GND 是卡电路工作的必要条件。卡电源可通过万用表检测到。SIM 卡插人手机后，电源端口提供电源给 SIM 卡内的单片机。检测 SIM 卡存在与否的信号只在开机瞬时产生，当开机检测不到 SIM 卡存在时，将提示“Insert Card”(插入卡)；如果检测 SIM 卡已存在，但机卡之间的通信不能实现，会显示“Check Card”(检查卡)；当 SIM 卡对开机检测信号没有响应时，手机也会提示“Insert Card”(插入卡)。SIM 卡的供电分为 5V(1998 年前发行)、5V 与 3V 兼容、3V、1．8V 等，当然这些卡必须与相应的手机配合使用，即手机产生的 SIM 卡供电电压与该 SIM 卡所需的电压要匹配。
The SIM card holder provides the communication interface between mobile phone and SIM card. Contact the SIM card through the spring on the card holder, so if the spring piece is deformed, it will cause SIM card failure, such as “check card” or “insert card”. The power supply SIM VCC and sim GND are the necessary conditions for the card circuit to work. The power supply of the card can be detected by the multimeter. After the SIM card is inserted into the mobile phone, the power port provides power to the single chip microcomputer in the SIM card. The signal to detect the presence or absence of SIM card is only generated at the moment of startup. When the SIM card is not detected, it will prompt “insert card”; if the SIM card is detected to exist, but the communication between the cards cannot be realized, the “check card” will be displayed. When the SIM card does not respond to the start-up detection signal, the mobile phone will also prompt “insert card” Card “. The power supply of SIM card is divided into 5V (issued before 1998), 5V and 3V compatible, 3V, 1.8V, etc. of course, these cards must be used together with the corresponding mobile phone, that is, the power supply voltage of the SIM card generated by the mobile phone should match the voltage required by the SIM card.
对于卡电路中的 SIM I／O、SIM CLK、SIM RST，全部是由 CPU 的控制来实现的。虽然基站与网络之间的数据沟通随时随地进行着，但确定哪个时刻数据沟通往往很难。但当手机开机时刻与网络进行鉴权时必有数据沟通，尽管时间很短，测量一定有数据，所以在判定卡电路故障时，在这个时刻进行监测为最佳监测时间。正常开机的手机，在 SIM 卡座上用示波器可以测量到 SIM I／O、SIM CLK、SIM RST 信号，它们一般是一个 3V 左右的脉冲。若测不到，说明 SIM 卡座供电开关管周边电阻电容元件脱焊、SIM 卡座脱焊，也有可能是卡座接触不良，SIM 卡表面脏或使用废卡。使用 SIM 卡时要小心，不要用手去触摸上面的触点，以防止静电损坏，更不能折叠。如果 SIM 卡脏了，可用酒精棉球轻擦。
The SIM I / O, SIM CLK and sim RST are all controlled by CPU. Although the data communication between the base station and the network is carried out anytime and anywhere, it is often difficult to determine which time the data communication is. However, when the mobile phone is turned on, there must be data communication when authenticating with the network. Although the time is very short, there must be data in the measurement. Therefore, when judging the circuit fault of the card, monitoring at this moment is the best monitoring time. When the mobile phone is turned on normally, the signals of SIM I / O, SIM CLK and sim RST can be measured by oscilloscope on the SIM card holder. They are generally a pulse of about 3V. If it is not detected, it indicates that the resistance and capacitance components around the power supply switch tube of the SIM card holder are desoldered, or the SIM card holder is not well contacted, the surface of the SIM card is dirty or the card is used. When using the SIM card, be careful not to touch the contacts on it with your hands, so as to prevent static damage and fold it. If the SIM card is dirty, you can wipe it with alcohol cotton ball.
SIM 卡的存储容量有 3KB、8KB、16KB、32KB 和 64KB 等。
The storage capacity of SIM card is 3KB, 8KB, 16kb, 32KB and 64KB.
每当移动用户重新开机时，GSM 系统要自动鉴别 SIM 卡的合法性，GSM 网络的身份鉴权中心对 SIM 卡进行鉴权，即与手机对一下“口令”，只有在系统认可之后，才为该移动用户提供服务，系统分配给用户一个临时号码(TMSI)，在待机、通话中使用的仅为这个临时号码，这就增加了保密度。
Whenever the mobile user reboots, the GSM system will automatically identify the validity of the SIM card, and the identity authentication center of the GSM network will automatically identify the SIM card The system assigns a temporary number (TMSI) to the user, and only this temporary number is used in standby and call, which increases the density of protection.
目前，网络营运商在用户入网时没有对手机的国际移动设备识别码(IMEI)实行鉴别，如果实行鉴别，带机入网的用户数量可能会下降，不利于吸引更多的用户使用 GSM 手机。
At present, network operators do not identify the international mobile device identification code (IMEI) of mobile phones when users access the network. If the identification is implemented, the number of users with mobile phones may decrease, which is not conducive to attracting more users to use GSM mobile phones.
SIM 卡的硬件组成
Hardware composition of SIM card
1．认卡不认机的道理
1. The reason why the card is not recognized
SIM 卡在 GSM 网络中代表用户，网络经营者对用户的管理实际上是对 SIM 卡的管理。手机开机后就将 SIM 卡内存储的本地系统信息、用户个人信息等发送到基站，然后由基站送到移动网络交换中心 MSC，移动网络交换中心的存储器中已存储的内容(相当于档案室)与用户个人 SIM 卡的信息是相对应的。MSC 将收到的信息与已存储的信息进行比较，这个过程实际上就是对 SIM 卡进行鉴权。因此，认卡不认机就是这个道理。
The SIM card represents the user in GSM network. The management of the user by the network operator is actually the management of the SIM card. After the mobile phone is turned on, the local system information and user personal information stored in the SIM card are sent to the base station, and then sent to the mobile network switching center MSC by the base station. The contents stored in the memory of the mobile network switching center (equivalent to the archive room) correspond to the information of the user’s personal SIM card. MSc compares the received information with the stored information. This process is actually to authenticate the SIM card. Therefore, this is the reason that the card does not recognize the machine.
2．SIM 卡的个人化设置
2. Personalized setting of SIM card
为保护 SIM 卡不被他人随便挪用，可以在手机菜单内进行 SIM 卡的个人化设置，初始值为 1234，也可以设置其他的数码。以后每次把 SIM 卡插人手机中，用户必须在手机显示提示下键入正确的 PIN 码，如输入 PIN 码累计出错三次，SIM 卡将被闭锁，将会导致“锁卡”现象，这时 SIM 卡无法使用。如要使 SIM 卡解除闭锁，此时只能输入 PUK 码来解锁，使得 SIM 卡恢复正常工作。PUK 码累计输错十次会销卡，需要重新补卡。
In order to protect the SIM card from being misappropriated by others, you can personalize the SIM card in the menu of the mobile phone. The initial value is 1234, and other numbers can be set. In the future, each time the SIM card is inserted into the mobile phone, the user must type in the correct pin code under the mobile phone display prompt. If the pin code is input incorrectly for three times, the SIM card will be locked, which will lead to the “card locking” phenomenon, and the SIM card cannot be used. If you want to unlock the SIM card, you can only input PUK code to unlock it, so that the SIM card can resume normal operation. If the PUK code is wrongly input ten times, the card will be cancelled and the card needs to be replaced again.
3．SIM 卡的硬件组成
3. Hardware composition of SIM card
SIM 卡的硬件是一个单片微机，包括 CPU、ROM、RAM、EEPROM 和串行单元。在与外部连接时，最少要 4 个端口，即电源(SIM VCC)、时钟(SIM CLK)、数据(SIMDATA 或 SIM I／O)、复位(SIM RST)。
The hardware of SIM card is a single chip microcomputer, including CPU, ROM, ram, EEPROM and serial unit. For external connection, at least 4 ports are required, namely power supply (SIM VCC), clock (SIM CLK), data (simdata or SIM I / O) and reset (SIM RST).
SIM 卡的工作情况
Operation of SIM card
SIM 卡在电源开启后有两种方式：工作方式和空闲方式。工作方式时完成与手持机之间的信息传输；空闲方式时 SIM 卡将保持所有相关数据，并支持其内部处于全体眠、指令休眠或时钟休眠等方式，以有效地节省电能。记住测卡电源供电是否正常，应在开机过程机器自检时进行，否则，无法测到卡供电电压。
There are two modes of SIM card after power on: working mode and idle mode. In the idle mode, the SIM card will keep all the relevant data, and support all internal sleep modes, such as all sleep mode, command sleep mode or clock sleep mode, so as to save power effectively. Remember to test whether the power supply of the card is normal or not, it should be carried out during the self inspection of the machine during the startup process, otherwise, the power supply voltage of the card cannot be measured.
SIM 卡故障
SIM card failure
若手机出现“插入 SIM 卡”、“SIM 卡被拒绝”的故障，可按如下所述的方法进行检修：
In case of “SIM card insertion” and “SIM card rejected”, the maintenance can be carried out according to the following methods:
首先，通过 Phoenix 软件设置故障机进入测试模式，看手机是否正常。若不正常，检查 BSI 线路，包括 X100、C100、C240、R202、R206，或更换 D200。
First of all, set the fault machine into the test mode through Phoenix software to see whether the mobile phone is normal. If it is abnormal, check BSI circuit, including X100, C100, C240, r202, r206, or replace D200.
若手机进入测试状态后看起来正常，检查 C390、R386、R388、C203，或更换 D200。
If the mobile phone looks normal after entering the test state, check c390, r386, r388, C203, or replace D200.
