汉英对照:
Chinese-English Translation:
蓝牙技术是一种无线数据和语音通信开放的全球规范，它是基于低成本的近距离无线连接，为固定和移动设备建立通信环境的一种特殊的近距离无线技术连接。
Bluetooth technology is an open global standard for wireless data and voice communication. It is a special short-range wireless technology connection based on low-cost short-range wireless connection to establish communication environment for fixed and mobile devices.
蓝牙是一种无线个人局域网（Wireless PAN），最初由爱立信创制，后来由蓝牙技术联盟订定技术标准。来自古老北欧国王 Harald Blåtand，借国王的姓“Blåtand”当名称，直接翻译成中文为“蓝牙”（Blå＝蓝、Tand＝牙）。
Bluetooth is a kind of wireless pan. It was originally created by Ericsson, and then the technical standard was set by Bluetooth technology alliance. From the ancient Nordic King Harald BL å tand, the name was directly translated into Chinese as “Bluetooth” (BL å = blue, tand = tooth).
蓝牙的由来
The origin of Bluetooth
蓝牙这个名字的来历颇具传奇色彩。公元 l0 世纪的北欧正值动荡年代，各国之间战争频繁，丹麦国王哈拉德二世挺身而出，到处疾呼和平。经过他的不懈努力，战争终于停止，各方领袖坐到了谈判桌前，至此，四分五裂的挪威和丹麦得以统一。关于这位国王的名字有两种说法：一种说法是他的全名是 Harald Blatand，Blatand 在英语中意思为“蓝牙”(Bluetooth)；还有一种说法是这位英雄的丹麦国王酷爱吃蓝梅，以致于牙齿都被染成了蓝色，因此蓝牙(Bluetooth)成了他的绰号。
The origin of the name Bluetooth is legendary. In the 10th century, northern Europe was in a turbulent period, and wars between countries were frequent. King Harad II of Denmark stepped forward and called for peace everywhere. After his unremitting efforts, the war finally stopped and the leaders of all sides sat at the negotiating table. Thus, the fragmented Norway and Denmark were reunified. There are two versions of the king’s name: one is that his full name is Harald bland, which means “Bluetooth” in English; the other is that the heroic king of Denmark loves to eat blueberries so that his teeth are dyed blue, so that Bluetooth has become his nickname.
1000 年后的今天，世界范围内电子设备技术高速发展。瑞典的爱立信公司于 1994 年成立了一个专项科研小组，对移动电话及其附件的低能耗、低费用无线连接的可能性进行研究，他们的最初目的在于建立无线电话与 PC 卡、耳机及桌面设备等产品的连接。但是随着研究的深入，科研人员越来越感到这项技术所独具的个性和巨大的商业潜力．同时也意识到凭借一家企业的实力根本无法继续研究，于是，爱立信将其公诸于世，并极力说服其他企业加入到它的研究中来。他们共同的目标是建立一个全球性的小范围无线通信技术，并将此技术命名为“蓝牙”，来表达要将这种全新的无线传输技术在全球推广，并实现全球通用的雄心。
Today, 1000 years later, electronic equipment technology has developed rapidly in the world. Ericsson in Sweden set up a special research group in 1994 to study the possibility of low-energy and low-cost wireless connection for mobile phones and their accessories. Their original purpose was to establish the connection between wireless phones and PC cards, headphones and desktop devices. However, with the deepening of the research, researchers increasingly feel that this technology has unique personality and huge commercial potential. At the same time, they also realize that relying on the strength of an enterprise can not continue the research, so Ericsson made it public and tried to persuade other enterprises to join in its research. Their common goal is to establish a global small-scale wireless communication technology, and this technology is named “Bluetooth”, to express their ambition to promote this new wireless transmission technology in the world and realize the global common purpose.
1998 年 2 月，瑞典爱立信(ERICSSON)、芬兰诺基亚(NOKIA)、日本东芝(TOSHIBA)、美国 IBM 和英特尔(Intel)公司五家著名厂商，组成了一个特殊利益集团(有的书译为特别兴趣小组)SIG(Special Interest Group)。之后，蓝牙引起了越来越多企业的关注。1999 年 11 月，比尔·盖茨专程到拉斯维加斯一间只有 11 名员工的小公司访问，只因这家公司已研制成功一种含蓝牙技术的胸卡，随后，微软便宣布加入 SIG。目前，包括索尼、惠普、戴尔在内的 2500 多家公司都签署了相关协议加入该组织，共享这一先进技术，而且数目还在不断的增长，从而在全球范围内掀起了一股蓝牙热潮。这么多的精英公司集中在一项技术的大旗下，在商业史上是史无前例的，一项公开的全球统一的技术规范得到了工业界如此广泛的关注和支持，也是以往所罕见的。这说明基于此项技术的产品具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的潜在市场。
In February 1998, Ericsson (Sweden), Nokia (Finland), Toshiba (Japan), IBM (USA) and Intel (Intel) formed a special interest group (SIG). After that, more and more enterprises pay attention to Bluetooth. In November 1999, Bill Gates made a special trip to a small company with only 11 employees in Las Vegas. Because the company had successfully developed a chest card with Bluetooth technology, Microsoft announced to join sig. At present, more than 2500 companies, including Sony, HP and Dell, have signed relevant agreements to join the organization and share this advanced technology. Moreover, the number is still growing, thus setting off a wave of Bluetooth craze around the world. It is unprecedented in business history that so many elite companies are concentrated under the banner of one technology. It is also rare that an open and globally unified technical specification has received such extensive attention and support from the industry. This shows that the products based on this technology have broad application prospects and huge potential market.
蓝牙的发展
The development of Bluetooth
1994 年爱立信(Ericsson)公司发起了一项研究，旨在移动电话及其附件之间探求一种新的低功耗、低成本的空中接口。研究的目的之一是要找到一种新的连接方式，能够去除连接移动电话与耳机、笔记本计算机及其他设备之间繁杂的线缆，但更主要的目的则是分析有多少种不同的通信设备可以通过移动电话接入到蜂窝网中(上述的空中接口研究只是它的一部分)。爱立信公司得出的结论是蜂窝网的最后一段应该是短距离的无线连接，爱立信将这项新的无线通信技术命名为蓝牙(blue tooth)。随着项目的进展，蓝牙技术的应用前景也变得明朗起来。爱立信意识到要使这项技术最终获得成功，必须得到业界其他公司的支持与应用。1998 年 5 月，爱立信联合诺基亚(Nokia)、英特尔(Intel)、IBM 和东芝(Toshiba)这 4 家公司一起成立了蓝牙特殊利益集团(SIG)，负责蓝牙技术标准的制定、产品测试，并协调各国蓝牙的具体使用。3Com、朗讯(Lucent)、微软(Microsoft)、摩托罗拉(Motorola)很快加盟 SIG，并组成领导小组(promoter group)。领导小组的职责是：创建蓝牙论坛，加强蓝牙协议的制定和改进，提供互操作性测试工具，进而指导 SIG 成员在蓝牙领域的研究工作。SIG 着眼于蓝牙在全球的发展与应用，将蓝牙技术标准完全公开，1999 年 7 月 SIG 公布了蓝牙规范 1．0 版；1999 年 12 月公布了蓝牙规范 1．ob 版；2001 年 4 月公布了 1．1 版；2003 年 11 月公布了 1．2 版本；2004 年 8 月公布了 2．0 版本。
In 1994, Ericsson launched a study to explore a new low-power, low-cost air interface between mobile phones and their accessories. One of the purposes of the study is to find a new connection method, which can remove the complicated cables between mobile phones and earphones, laptops and other devices, but the more important purpose is to analyze how many different communication devices can be connected to the cellular network through mobile phones (the above air interface research is only a part of it). Ericsson concluded that the last segment of the cellular network should be a short-range wireless connection. Ericsson named the new wireless communication technology Bluetooth. With the progress of the project, the application prospect of Bluetooth technology has become clear. Ericsson is aware that the support and application of other companies in the industry is essential for the ultimate success of this technology. In May 1998, Ericsson, together with Nokia, Intel, IBM and Toshiba, established a Bluetooth special interest group (SIG), which is responsible for the formulation of Bluetooth technical standards, product testing, and coordinating the specific use of Bluetooth in various countries. 3Com, Lucent, Microsoft and Motorola soon joined SIG and formed a promoter group. The responsibility of the leading group is to create Bluetooth forum, strengthen the development and improvement of Bluetooth protocol, provide interoperability testing tools, and then guide sig members’ research work in Bluetooth field. SIG focuses on the development and application of Bluetooth in the world, and makes the technical standards of Bluetooth fully open. In July 1999, SIG published version 1.0 of Bluetooth specification; December 1999, version 1.ob of Bluetooth specification; April 2001, version 1.1; November 2003, version 1.2; August 2004, version 2.0.
现在 SIG 已发展成为一个相当庞大的工业界高新技术标准化组织，全球支持蓝牙技术的 2000 多家设备制造商都已经成为它的会员。近年来，世界上一些权威的标准化组织也都在关注蓝牙技术标准的制定和发展。例如，IEEE 就已经成立了 802．15 工作组，专门关注有关蓝牙技术标准的兼容和未来的发展等问题。
Now sig has developed into a large industrial high-tech standardization organization, and more than 2000 equipment manufacturers supporting Bluetooth technology have become its members. In recent years, some authoritative standardization organizations in the world are also paying attention to the formulation and development of Bluetooth technology standards. For example, IEEE has set up the 802.15 working group to focus on the compatibility and future development of Bluetooth technology standards.
2000 年 6 月在新加坡召开的 Communication Asia 展览会上，爱立信公司推出了全球第一部使用蓝牙技术的 GPRS(通用分组无线业务)手机 R520，R520 手机融合了 GPRS、高速数据(HSCSD)、蓝牙技术和 wAP(无线应用协议)，除了高速率外，R520 还可以借助其内置蓝牙芯片提供全面无线连接解决方案，从而避免了在电话和其他移动设备(如 PC 和免提设备)之间使用连接线缆。从 R520 问世至今，越来越多的手机制造商开始在其手机中植入蓝牙芯片，而这无疑又会带动蓝牙耳机的需求增长。蓝牙手机和蓝牙耳机使得用户可以进行无线会话。咨询机构 DC 的研究报告指出，2008 年全球销售的手机中将有 53％具备蓝牙功能，其中 65％的蓝牙手机在美国市场销售。
At the communication Asia Exhibition held in Singapore in June 2000, Ericsson launched the world’s first GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) mobile phone r520, which combines GPRS, high-speed data (HSCSD), Bluetooth technology and WAP (Wireless Application Protocol). In addition to the high-speed rate, the r520 mobile phone is the first GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) mobile phone in the world It also offers a comprehensive wireless connectivity solution with its built-in Bluetooth chip, which avoids the use of connecting cables between phones and other mobile devices, such as PCs and handsfree devices. Since the advent of r520, more and more mobile phone manufacturers have begun to implant Bluetooth chips into their mobile phones, which will undoubtedly drive the demand for Bluetooth headsets. Bluetooth mobile phones and Bluetooth headsets allow users to have wireless conversations. According to the Research Report of DC, a consulting agency, in 2008, 53% of mobile phones sold worldwide will have Bluetooth function, and 65% of them will be sold in the US market.
短距离无线蓝牙技术已经嵌入到了许多消费装置中，从笔记本计算机、手机到汽车都可以看到蓝牙的踪影。同时蓝牙在操作系统方面也得到了强有力的支持，目前已经有 PocketPC、WindowsCE．Net、苹果计算机的 MacOSX 操作系统、Palm 与多数手机操作系统增加了对蓝牙的支持。蓝牙进入企业的首要渠道来自手机、笔记本计算机与 PDA。
Short distance wireless Bluetooth technology has been embedded in many consumer devices, from notebook computers, mobile phones to cars can see the trace of Bluetooth. At the same time, Bluetooth has also been strongly supported in the operating system. At present, Pocket PC, Windows CE. Net, MacOSX operating system of apple computer, palm and most mobile phone operating systems have increased support for Bluetooth. The primary channel for Bluetooth to enter the enterprise comes from mobile phone, notebook computer and PDA.
蓝牙的优势
Advantages of Bluetooth
(1)易于使用
(1) Easy to use
当用户设备处于一定范围的时候，支持蓝牙无线技术的设备将自动互相识别，完成同步其电话本等工作。
When the user’s equipment is in a certain range, the devices supporting Bluetooth wireless technology will automatically identify each other and complete the synchronization of their phonebook.
(2)无缝的互操作性
(2) Seamless interoperability
设备应用程序的自动发现提供智能的按需访问。通过标准的高层协议子集(Profiles)进行应用程序连接，消除了设备和操作系统的依赖性。
Automatic discovery of device applications provides intelligent on-demand access. Through the standard high-level protocol subset (Profiles), the application connection eliminates the dependence of device and operating system.
(3)快速
(3) Fast
2．4GHz 无线电发送，提供 1Mbiffs 的流量。
2.4GHz radio transmission, providing 1mbiffs of traffic.
(4)安全
(4) Security
蓝牙基带部分在物理层为用户提供保护和信息保密机制。鉴权是蓝牙系统中的关键部分，它允许用户为个人的蓝牙设备建立一个信任域，如只允许主人自己的笔记本电脑通过主人自己的移动电话通信。
Bluetooth baseband provides protection and information confidentiality mechanism for users in the physical layer. Authentication is a key part of Bluetooth system. It allows users to establish a trust domain for their personal Bluetooth devices, such as only allowing their own laptops to communicate through their own mobile phones.
加密被用来保护连接中的个人信息。密钥由程序的高层来管理。网络传送协议和应用程序可以为用户提供一个较强的安全机制。鉴权和加密机制保证个人通信的绝对安全。
Encryption is used to protect personal information in a connection. The key is managed by the top level of the program. Network transport protocols and applications can provide a strong security mechanism for users. Authentication and encryption mechanism ensure the absolute security of personal communication.
(5)连接范围
(5) Connection range
在开放空间里，客户端之间的连接可跨越 10m。客户端与接入点之间的距离可长达 100m(不一定要在视线范围内)。
In open space, the connection between clients can span 10 m. The distance between the client and the access point can be up to 100m (not necessarily in line of sight).
(6)语音和数据支持
(6) Voice and data support
每个设备支持多达 3 个语音通道，7 个数据连接，实现多功能连接。
Each device supports up to 3 voice channels and 7 data connections to realize multi-functional connection.
(7)被广泛地采纳
(7) Widely adopted
蓝牙技术被 1800 多家公司所采纳，这意味着不断地会有大量支持蓝牙无线技术的应用和设备。
Bluetooth technology has been adopted by more than 1800 companies, which means that there will be a large number of applications and devices supporting Bluetooth wireless technology.
(8)价格合理
(8) The price is reasonable
这种价格合理的选择使广泛地部署和使用成为可能。
This reasonable price option makes it possible to deploy and use it widely.
(9)节能
(9) Energy saving
低功耗使众多的设备可以使用这种无线技术，如手机、手持电脑到打印机、数码相机。
Low power consumption enables the wireless technology to be used by many devices, such as mobile phones, handheld computers to printers, and digital cameras.
(10)在个人的层次上进行连接
(10) Connect at the personal level
蓝牙技术将会渗透到日常生活的方方面面，无论是在家里，在工作中，还是在娱乐中。这里有 3 个例子，您将能够利用到蓝牙无线技术。
Bluetooth technology will penetrate into every aspect of daily life, whether at home, at work, or in entertainment. Here are three examples where you will be able to take advantage of Bluetooth wireless technology.
①连接您的世界
① Connect your world
您的无线 PAN 把您所有的电子设备都连接在一起，解放您的双手和大脑去从事更重要的事。当您需要用无线头带设备进行通话时，只要在您的手持电话本上选一个名字，就能用您的电话拨号了。或者，您还可以用 HotSync 技术同步您的手持设备和电脑，这并不需要接上电线。
Your wireless pan connects all your electronic devices, freeing your hands and brain to do more important things. When you need to make a call with a wireless headband device, just select a name in your handset book and you can dial with your phone. Or, you can synchronize your handheld device and computer with HotSync technology, which doesn’t require wiring.
②与其他人、其他设备相连
② Connect with other people and other equipment
您需要跨出个人区域网络后，同样可以没有障碍地进行连接。走到打印机前，就可以打印出会议的日程。可以在会议室的虚拟电子白板下载记录，和其他与会者交换电子名片、文档。
You need to cross the personal area network, you can also connect without obstacles. Go to the printer and print out the meeting schedule. Records can be downloaded from the virtual whiteboard in the conference room, and electronic business cards and documents can be exchanged with other participants.
③访问整个世界
③ Visit the whole world
蓝牙无线技术也许还能在您观看体育比赛时帮助您下载运动员的档案、获得其他比赛的最新比分情况、预定座位、用电子货币结算。在体育馆里，您可以向全世界的朋友发电子邮件。
Bluetooth wireless technology may also help you download athletes’ files, get the latest scores of other competitions, book seats, and settle accounts with electronic currency while you watch sports matches. In the gym, you can email friends all over the world.
蓝牙技术
Bluetooth Technology
1.特点
1. Features
1．成本低
1. Low cost
为了能够替代一般电缆，它必须具备和一般电缆差不多的价格，这样才能被广大普通消费者所接受，也才能使这项技术普及开来。蓝牙的最终目标是集成于单价为 5 美元的 CMOS 芯片。目前，蓝牙芯片价格降不下来，既有经济原因，也有技术原因。从技术角度来看，蓝牙芯片集成了无线、基带和链路管理层功能，而链路管理功能实际上既可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过软件实现，如果由软件实现链路管理层功能，那么芯片被简化，价格也将变得合理。
In order to be able to replace the general cable, it must have the same price as the general cable, so that it can be accepted by the majority of ordinary consumers, and the technology can be popularized. Bluetooth’s ultimate goal is to integrate into a $5 CMOS chip. At present, there are both economic and technical reasons for the price of Bluetooth chips. From a technical point of view, Bluetooth chip integrates the functions of wireless, baseband and and link management layer. In fact, the link management function can be realized either by hardware or by software. If the function of link management layer is realized by software, the chip will be simplified and the price will be reasonable.
2．功耗低、体积小
2. Low power consumption and small size
蓝牙技术本来目的就是用于互连小型移动设备及其外设，它的市场目标是移动笔记本电脑、移动电话、小型的 PDA 以及它们的外设，因此蓝牙芯片必须具有功耗低、体积小的特点，以便于集成到小型便携设备中去。蓝牙产品输出功率很小(只有 lmW)，仅是微波炉使用功率的百万分之一，是移动电话的一小部分。
The original purpose of Bluetooth technology is to interconnect small mobile devices and their peripherals. Its market target is mobile laptops, mobile phones, small PDAs and their peripherals. Therefore, Bluetooth chips must have the characteristics of low power consumption and small size to integrate into small portable devices. The output power of Bluetooth products is very small (only LMW), which is only one millionth of the power used in microwave oven and a small part of mobile phone.
3．近距离通信
3. Close communication
蓝牙技术通信距离为 10m，如果需要的话，还可以选用放大器使其扩展
The communication distance of Bluetooth technology is 10m. If necessary, amplifier can be selected to expand it
