汉英对照:
Chinese-English Translation:
电子竞技是电子游戏比赛达到竞技层面的体育项目。电子竞技运动就是利用电子设备作为运动器械进行的、人与人之间的智力对抗运动。通过运动，可以锻炼和提高参与者的思维能力、反应能力、四肢协调能力和意志力，培养团队精神。
E-sports is a kind of sports event that can reach the competitive level in electronic games. E-sports is the use of electronic equipment as a sports equipment, the intellectual confrontation between people. Through sports, we can train and improve the thinking ability, reaction ability, limb coordination ability and willpower of the participants, and cultivate the team spirit.
电子竞技（Electronic Sports）是电子游戏比赛达到“竞技”层面的体育项目。电子竞技运动就是利用电子设备作为运动器械进行的、人与人之间的智力对抗运动。通过运动，可以锻炼和提高参与者的思维能力、反应能力、四肢协调能力和意志力，培养团队精神。电子竞技也是一种职业，和棋艺等非电子游戏比赛类似，2003 年 11 月 18 日，国家体育总局正式批准，将电子竞技列为第 99 个正式体育竞赛项。2008 年，国家体育总局将电子竞技改批为第 78 号正式体育竞赛项。
Electronic sports is a kind of sports event which reaches the level of “competition” in electronic games. E-sports is the use of electronic equipment as a sports equipment, the intellectual confrontation between people. Through sports, we can train and improve the thinking ability, reaction ability, limb coordination ability and willpower of the participants, and cultivate the team spirit. E-sports is also a profession, similar to chess and other non electronic game competitions. On November 18, 2003, the State General Administration of sport officially approved that E-sports was listed as the 99th formal sports competition. In 2008, the General Administration of sport of the people’s Republic of China changed E-sports into No.78 official sports event.
2018 年雅加达第 18 届亚运会将电子竞技纳为表演项目。
The 18th Asian Games in Jakarta in 2018 included E-sports as a performance project.
电子竞技的特点
Characteristics of E-sports
基本特征
basic feature
电子竞技运动有两个基本特征：电子、竞技。
E-sports has two basic characteristics: electronic and competitive.
“电子”是其方式和手段，指这项运动是借助信息技术为核心的各种软硬件以及由其营造的环境来进行，这类似于传统体育项目中的器材和场地。在电子竞技运动中，“器材”依赖信息技术来实现，这也是电子竞技与传统体育运动的不同之处。
“Electronic” is its way and means, which means that the sport is carried out with the help of various software and hardware as well as the environment created by it, which is similar to the equipment and venues in traditional sports. In e-sports, “equipment” depends on information technology, which is the difference between E-sports and traditional sports.
“竞技”指的是体育的本质特性，即对抗。作为一个体育项目，对抗是最基本的特征。电子竞技运动有多种分类和项目，但核心一定是对抗、比赛。
“Competition” refers to the essential characteristic of sports, that is, confrontation. As a sport, the most basic feature is confrontation. E-sports has a variety of categories and events, but the core must be confrontation and competition.
主要特点
main features
性质方面
Nature
首先从性质上看，电子竞技运动是体育项目，网络游戏是娱乐游戏，这是两者本质的不同。网络游戏的目的和方式是建立一个虚拟的世界，在这个世界里的所有玩家都像是生活一个全新的社会里，这个社会有它自己的各种“法律”，生活在这个社会里的玩家必须要遵守这些法律。网络游戏完整继承了 RPG 的最关键的升级系统和俗称布娃娃的武器装备系统，玩家通过这些系统来体会自己角色的成长快乐，自娱自乐。所以从本质上说，网络游戏是以追求感受为目的的模拟和角色扮演，相对而言并不十分重视或者需要游戏的技巧。
First of all, from the nature, E-sports is a sports event, online games are entertainment games, which is the essential difference between the two. The purpose and method of online games is to create a virtual world in which all players are like living. In a brand-new society, there are various “laws” of its own, and players living in this society must abide by these laws. The online game completely inherits the most critical upgrade system of RPG and the weapon equipment system commonly known as dolls. Through these systems, players can experience the growth and happiness of their own characters and enjoy themselves. Therefore, in essence, online games are simulation and role playing for the purpose of pursuing feelings, relatively speaking, they do not attach great importance to or need game skills.
而电子竞技则接近于那些传统的体育项目，对抗性和竞技性是它的特点。它有着可定量、可重复、精确比较的体育比赛特征，游戏的方式是对抗和比赛，有统一的规则和相同的技术手段，这与体育比赛中的技、战术完全一样。选手通过日常刻苦的、近乎于枯燥的训练，提高自己与电子设备等这些比赛器械相关的速度、反应和配合等等综合能力和素质，依靠技巧和战术水平的发挥，争取在对抗中获得胜利和好成绩。其实简单地说，电子竞技运动是一项体育项目，只不过其器械、比赛环境等等是通过信息技术来实现的而已。这是其与网络游戏最本质的区别。
However, E-sports is close to those traditional sports, and its characteristics are antagonism and competitiveness. It has the characteristics of quantitative, repeatable and accurate comparison of sports competition. The way of game is confrontation and competition. There are unified rules and the same technical means, which are exactly the same as the techniques and tactics in sports competitions. Through daily hard and almost boring training, the players can improve their comprehensive ability and quality related to the speed, reaction and cooperation of these competition equipment such as electronic equipment. Relying on the play of skills and tactics, the players strive for victory and good results in the confrontation. In fact, simply speaking, E-sports is a sports event, but its equipment, competition environment and so on are realized through information technology. This is the most essential difference between it and online games.
技术方面
Technical aspect
从技术层面上看，两者所依托的网络环境或者说载体不同，网络游戏是完全建立在国际互联网上的，它离开了互联网，根本就无法存在。而电子竞技运动所依赖的是局域网环境，甚至可以是两台电脑的直接联接，互联网只是电子竞技运动用来训练或娱乐的一种手段而已。
From a technical point of view, the two rely on different network environments or carriers. Online games are completely built on the Internet. Without the Internet, they can’t exist at all. E-sports relies on the LAN environment, even the direct connection of two computers. The Internet is only a means for E-sports training or entertainment.
另外，两者对软件的依赖、赢利手段和运营方式等等也不同。网络游戏很大程度受软件商的约束，通过近三年来的市场实践，已经摸索出了一套完整的赢利模式。游戏开发商负责开发游戏，而运营商负责运营，玩家按照游戏时间付费，产生赢利后由开发商和运营商按一定比例分成。而电子竞技基本上不受游戏软件的制约，游戏开发商负责开发游戏，并委托发行公司发行，玩家通过购买游戏一次性付费，便可进行电子竞技的娱乐和比赛。这样电子竞技比赛的组织者能否获得利润与游戏的开发商与发行公司并没有直接关系，这也造成两者在平台构建和与平台的关系上也有较大不同。
In addition, the dependence on software, the means of profit and the way of operation are also different. Online games are largely constrained by software companies. Through the market practice in the past three years, a complete profit model has been found out. Game developers are responsible for the development of the game, while operators are responsible for operation. Players pay according to the game time. After the profits are generated, the developers and operators will share the profits according to a certain proportion. E-sports is basically not restricted by game software. Game developers are responsible for the development of games and entrust distribution companies to issue them. Players can enjoy E-sports entertainment and competitions by paying one-time for the purchase of games. In this way, whether the organizers of E-sports competitions can get profits or not is not directly related to the developers and distribution companies of the games, which also results in great differences in the platform construction and the relationship with the platform.
把电子竞技运动列为正式体育项目，纳入体育比赛和体育产业的轨道，必然更加突出其体育的特性，加剧电子竞技运动和网络游戏分别朝不同的发展方向发展。
To put E-sports as a formal sports project and bring it into the track of sports competition and sports industry will inevitably highlight its sports characteristics and intensify the development of E-sports and online games in different directions.
电子竞技和网络游戏的区别
The difference between E-sports and online games
“网络游戏=电子竞技”这种观点是错误的。随着游戏产业的发展，电竞项目的不断更替，电子竞技早已不再是局限于 IP 直连或局域网的单机游戏了。尽管网络游戏在发行、运营、付费方式，以及游戏的平台构建上都有很大的不同，但这并不能影响一些平衡性与对抗性很强网游加入到电竞项目中。不管单机游戏（单人游戏），还是网络游戏（多人游戏），只要符合“电子”、“竞技”这两个特征，那么它们都可以称为广义上的电子竞技。
The view that “online games = E-sports” is wrong. With the development of the game industry and the continuous replacement of E-sports projects, E-sports is no longer limited to IP direct connection or LAN single game. Although there are great differences in the distribution, operation, payment methods, and platform construction of the game, it does not affect the balance and antagonism of some online games to join the e-sports project. No matter single player games (single player games) or online games (multiplayer games), as long as they meet the two characteristics of “electronic” and “competitive”, then they can be called electronic sports in a broad sense.
主要区别在于：
The main differences are as follows:
第一，基本属性不同，网络游戏是娱乐游戏，电子竞技属于体育运动项目，网络游戏主要是在虚拟的世界中以追求感受为目的的模拟和角色扮演，电子竞技则是在信息技术营造的虚拟环境中，有组织进行的人与人之间的智力对抗;
First, the basic attributes are different. Online games are entertainment games, and E-sports are sports events. Online games are mainly simulation and role playing in the virtual world for the purpose of pursuing feelings. E-sports is an organized intellectual confrontation between people in the virtual environment created by information technology;
第二，电子竞技有明确统一的比赛规则，最大特点是严格的时间和回合限制，而网游缺乏明确统一的比赛规则，没有时间和回合的限制，容易使人沉迷;
Second, E-sports has a clear and unified competition rules, the biggest feature is strict time and round restrictions, while online games lack clear and unified competition rules, no time and round restrictions, easy to indulge in;
第三，电子竞技比赛是运动员之间秉着公正公平的体育精神的竞赛，通过人与人之间的智力和体力对抗，决出胜负，而网络游戏主要是人机之间或人与人之间的交流互动，不一定需要人与人的对抗来评判结果。
Third, the e-sports competition is a fair and fair sports spirit competition between athletes. Through the intellectual and physical confrontation between people, the winner or loser can be determined. However, the online game is mainly the communication and interaction between human and computer or between people, which does not necessarily need the confrontation between people to judge the results.
第四，电子竞技注重于思维能力、反应能力、心眼四肢协调能力、大局观、意志力，以及团队精神，而部分网游只需充值就能取得优势，这也是电子竞技有别于网络游戏的主要不同。
Fourth, E-sports focuses on thinking ability, reaction ability, coordination ability of mind, eyes and limbs, overall situation view, willpower, and team spirit, while some online games can gain advantages only by recharging, which is also the main difference between E-sports and online games.
