汉英对照:
Chinese-English Translation:
汽车租赁业被称为交通运输服务行，它因为无须办理保险、无须年检维修、车型可随意更换等优点，以租车代替买车来控制企业成本，这种在外企中十分流行的管理方式，正慢慢受到国内企事业单位和个人用户的青睐。 汽车租赁业被称为交通运输服务行，它因为无须办理保险、无须年检维修、车型可随意更换等优点，以租车代替买车来控制企业成本，这种在外企中十分流行的管理方式，正慢慢受到国内企事业单位和个人用户的青睐。
The car rental industry is known as the transportation service line. Because of its advantages such as no insurance, no annual inspection and maintenance, and the model can be replaced at will, it uses car rental instead of car purchase to control the cost of enterprises. This very popular management method in foreign enterprises is gradually favored by domestic enterprises, institutions and individual users. The car rental industry is known as the transportation service line. Because of its advantages such as no insurance, no annual inspection and maintenance, and the model can be replaced at will, it uses car rental instead of car purchase to control the cost of enterprises. This very popular management method in foreign enterprises is gradually favored by domestic enterprises, institutions and individual users.
汽车租赁是指将汽车的资产使用权从拥有权中分开，出租人具有资产所有权，承租人拥有资产使用权，出租人与承租人签订租赁合同，以交换使用权利的一种交易形式。
Car rental is a kind of transaction form that separates the right to use the car’s assets from the ownership, the lessor has the ownership of the assets, the lessee has the right to use the assets, and the lessor signs a lease contract with the lessee to exchange the right to use the assets.
定义
definition
汽车租赁是指在约定时间内，租赁经营人将租赁汽车（包括载货汽车和载客汽车）交付承租人使用，不提供驾驶劳务的经营方式。汽车租赁的实质是在将汽车的产权与使用权分开的基础上，通过出租汽车的使用权而获取收益的一种经营行为，其出租标的除了实物汽车以外，还包含保证该车辆正常、合法上路行驶的所有手续与相关价值。不同于一般汽车出租业务的是，在租赁期间，承租人自行承担驾驶职责。汽车租赁业的核心思想是资源共享，服务社会。
Car rental refers to the mode of operation in which the leasing operator delivers the leased car (including cargo car and passenger car) to the lessee for use without providing driving service within the agreed time. The essence of car rental is a kind of operation behavior that obtains income through the use right of taxi on the basis of separating the property right and the use right of the car. In addition to the physical car, its rental object also includes all procedures and relevant values to ensure the normal and legal driving of the car on the road. Different from the general car rental business, during the lease period, the lessee shall bear the driving responsibility. The core idea of car rental industry is to share resources and serve the society.
分类
classification
按照不同的分类标准，汽车租赁具有不同的分类方法，常见的有按照租赁期长短划分和按照经营目的划分两类。汽车租赁具有租赁期短，租用方便，由出租方提供维修保养等租后服务等特点。中国汽车租赁企业由于经营时间短，规模和实力有限，多采取分散独立经营的模式，但随着中国经济的发展和租赁市场的成长，这种模式难以为顾客提供方便快捷的服务，限制了企业的市场开拓和经营规模的扩大，难以为企业提供持续健康发展的空间。汽车租赁企业在经历了最初的市场培育之后，经营模式必将走上连锁经营和与生产厂商合作的道路。
According to different classification standards, car rental has different classification methods, the common ones are divided into two categories according to the length of the lease term and according to the business purpose. Car rental has the characteristics of short lease term, convenient lease, maintenance and other post lease services provided by the lessor. Due to the short operation time, limited scale and strength, Chinese car rental enterprises mostly adopt the mode of decentralized and independent operation. However, with the development of China’s economy and the growth of the rental market, this mode is difficult to provide convenient and fast services for customers, limits the market development and expansion of the business scale of enterprises, and provides the space for sustainable and healthy development for enterprises. After the initial market cultivation, the business model of car rental enterprises will surely embark on the road of chain operation and cooperation with manufacturers.
按照租赁期长短划分
According to the length of the lease term
1997 年颁布实施的《汽车租赁试点工作暂行管理办法》中按照租赁期的长短将汽车租赁分为长期租赁和短期租赁。在实际经营中，一般认为 15 天以下为短期租赁，15～90 天为中期租赁，90 天以上为长期租赁。
In the Interim Administrative Measures for the pilot work of car rental promulgated in 1997, car rental is divided into long-term rental and short-term rental according to the length of the lease term. In actual operation, it is generally considered that short-term lease is less than 15 days, medium-term lease is 15-90 days, and long-term lease is more than 90 days.
长期租赁，是指租赁企业与用户签订长期（一般以年计算）租赁合同，按长期租赁期间发生的费用（通常包括车辆价格、维修维护费、各种税费开支、保险费及利息等）扣除预计剩存价值后，按合同月数平均收取租赁费用，并提供汽车功能、税费、保险、维修及配件等综合服务的租赁形式。
Long term lease refers to the long-term (generally calculated in years) lease contract signed between the leasing enterprise and the user. After deducting the estimated residual value from the expenses incurred during the long-term lease period (usually including vehicle price, maintenance fee, various tax expenses, insurance premium and interest, etc.), the leasing fee will be collected on average according to the number of months of the contract, and the vehicle function, tax, insurance, maintenance and allocation will be provided Leasing form of integrated services such as components.
短期租赁，是指租赁企业根据用户要求签订合同，为用户提供短期内（一般以小时、日、月计算）的用车服务，收取短期租赁费，解决用户在租赁期间的各项服务要求的租赁形式。
Short term leasing refers to the leasing form in which the leasing enterprise signs a contract according to the user’s requirements, provides the user with short-term (generally calculated by hours, days and months) vehicle services, collects short-term rental fees, and solves the user’s service requirements during the leasing period.
发展简况
Development profile
国内发展
Domestic development
至 2010 年年底，全国汽车租赁车辆超过 10 万辆，产值超过 140 亿元。预计到 2015 年，我国汽车租赁市场的整体租车规模将达到 30 万辆，整体市场规模将超过 350 亿元。
By the end of 2010, there were more than 100000 car rental vehicles in China, with an output value of more than 14 billion yuan. It is estimated that by 2015, the overall car rental scale of China’s car rental market will reach 300000, and the overall market scale will exceed 35 billion yuan.
数据统计，国内汽车租赁市场兴起于 1990 年北京亚运会，随后在北京、上海、广州及深圳等国际化程度较高的城市率先发展，直至 2000 年左右，汽车租赁市场开始在其他城市发展。国内汽车租赁市场快速发展趋势主要体现在近五年内。2005 年前，汽车租赁市场远不及今日的火爆程度，租赁公司也以中小型企业为主。中国汽车租赁业于 1989 年起源于北京，进入 2001 年前后，掀起了第三轮的汽车租赁企业发展高峰。从此，国内汽车租赁行业有了大跨步的发展，从原来仅限在北京、上海、广州等大型城市的汽车租赁业务，发展到了中小城市、乃至县镇。截至 2006 年底，中国 13 个中心城市，共有汽车租赁公司 787 家，租赁汽车 44864 辆，租赁站点 446 个，从业人员 14682 人，营业额 20 亿元。
According to data statistics, the domestic car rental market rose in the 1990 Beijing Asian Games, and then took the lead in the development of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other cities with high degree of internationalization. Until about 2000, the car rental market began to develop in other cities. The rapid development trend of domestic car rental market is mainly reflected in the past five years. Before 2005, the car rental market was far less popular than today’s, and leasing companies were mainly small and medium-sized enterprises. China’s car rental industry originated in Beijing in 1989. Around 2001, it set off the third round of development peak of car rental enterprises. Since then, the domestic car rental industry has made great strides, from the original car rental business limited in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other large cities to small and medium-sized cities, even counties and towns. By the end of 2006, there were 787 car rental companies, 44864 rental cars, 446 rental sites, 14682 employees and a turnover of 2 billion yuan in 13 central cities in China.
2007 年，中国汽车租赁市场经历了一场异常迅速的发展，各地的汽车租赁公司如雨后春笋纷纷出现，国内汽车租赁市场到 2010 年已拥有 2000 多家租赁企业，汽车租赁市场供租赁车接近 15 万辆，营业额超过 100 亿元。虽然其发展速度比西方汽车租赁行业创始之初要快得多，但中国的汽车租赁市场仍处于起步阶段，绝大多数企业规模很小。
In 2007, China’s car rental market experienced an extremely rapid development. Car rental companies have sprung up all over the country. By 2010, the domestic car rental market has more than 2000 rental companies, with nearly 150000 cars for rental in the car rental market, and the turnover of more than 10 billion yuan. Although its development speed is much faster than the beginning of the Western auto leasing industry, the auto leasing market in China is still in its infancy, and most of the enterprises are very small.
截至 2008 年 6 月底，中国 13 个中心城市的汽车租赁企业有 800 余家，但运营车辆仅 4.5 万辆，其中 80%的企业运营车辆不足 50 辆。
By the end of June 2008, there were more than 800 car rental enterprises in 13 central cities in China, but only 45000 vehicles were in operation, 80% of which were less than 50.
中国汽车租赁行业，无论是从中国宏观经济的走向趋势还是微观的社会基础来看，都有着无比光明的发展前途。到 2010 年左右，随着中国信用体系的建立，市场经济的有待进一步完善，中国汽车租赁业将会有更大更快的发展。预计到 2015 年，中国汽车租赁市场的租赁车辆需求将达到 30 万至 50 万辆，营业收入将达到 200 亿元。
China’s car rental industry, no matter from the trend of China’s macro-economy or the micro social foundation, has a bright future. By 2010 or so, with the establishment of China’s credit system and the need for further improvement of the market economy, China’s car rental industry will have greater and faster development. It is estimated that by 2015, the demand for rental vehicles in China’s car rental market will reach 300000-500000, and the operating revenue will reach 20 billion yuan.
在我国，早期的汽车租赁业主要是面对外企、大型国企等企业用户，真正大规模投入个人业务的也是近几年的事情。这为汽车租赁业的规模化发展创造了基本条件。
In China, the early car rental industry was mainly faced with foreign enterprises, large-scale state-owned enterprises and other enterprise users, and the real large-scale investment in personal business is also in recent years. This has created the basic conditions for the large-scale development of car rental industry.
“十一五”期间，随着电子商务等科技手段的不断投入，中国汽车租赁行业步入一个快速发展阶段。多家企业开始在全国范围内发展布局，越来越多的商务人士和个人在享受着汽车租赁带来的便利。到 2010 年底，全国有租赁用车 10 万多辆，汽车租赁行业产值达到 140 多亿元。从 2010 年下半年开始，资本的密集进入，让汽车租赁成为行业关注的焦点。而北京的限购、限行也让更多企业看到了蕴藏的商机，汽车租赁企业也开始持续发力，以求抢夺市场的先机。
During the 11th Five Year Plan period, with the continuous investment of e-commerce and other scientific and technological means, China’s car rental industry has entered a stage of rapid development. A number of enterprises began to develop nationwide layout, more and more business people and individuals are enjoying the convenience of car rental. By the end of 2010, there were more than 100000 rental cars in China, and the output value of the car rental industry reached more than 14 billion yuan. Since the second half of 2010, the capital intensive entry has made car rental the focus of the industry. And Beijing’s restrictions on purchase and banking also let more enterprises see the potential business opportunities, and car rental enterprises began to make sustained efforts in order to seize the opportunity of the market.
交通部 2011 年 4 月发布促进汽车租赁业健康发展通知称，今后 5-10 年，是我国汽车租赁业发展的重要时期，交通部将加强行业管理促进其规范发展。无论是从中国宏观经济的走向趋势还是微观的社会基础来看，中国汽车租赁行业都有着光明的发展前途。未来几年，随着信用体系的逐步健全，市场经济的进一步完善，中国汽车租赁业将会有更快的发展。
According to the notice on promoting the healthy development of car rental industry issued by the Ministry of communications in April 2011, the next 5-10 years will be an important period for the development of car rental industry in China. The Ministry of communications will strengthen industry management to promote its standardized development. No matter from the trend of China’s macro-economy or the micro social foundation, China’s car rental industry has a bright future. In the next few years, with the gradual improvement of credit system and market economy, China’s car rental industry will have a faster development.
2013 年 3 月 12 日，杭州作为全国首创的电动汽车租赁城市，首批 30 辆市民租赁电动汽车进入试运行阶段。首批上路的电动汽车月租金是每辆每月 998 元，支付这笔租金后，其他保险费、电费、年检等规费、正常维修保养费用等，都不需另行支付，还享受 24 小时救援等服务。其中保险包括交强险、车损险、第三者责任险 10 万元、不计免赔、司乘险。
On March 12, 2013, Hangzhou, as the first electric vehicle rental city in China, the first 30 public rental electric vehicles entered the trial operation stage. The monthly rent of the first batch of electric vehicles on the road is 998 yuan per month. After paying the rent, other insurance fees, electricity fees, annual inspection fees, normal maintenance fees, etc. do not need to be paid separately, but also enjoy 24-hour rescue and other services. Among them, the insurance includes compulsory traffic insurance, vehicle damage insurance, third party liability insurance of 100000 yuan, no deductible, company and passenger insurance.
行业前景
Industry outlook
汽车租赁作为中国新兴的交通运输服务业，是满足人民群众个性化出行、商务活动需求和保障重大社会活动的重要交通方式，是综合运输体系的重要组成部分。促进汽车租赁业健康发展，是转变交通运输发展方式、推进现代交通运输业发展的重要举措，对完善综合运输体系，转变道路运输发展方式，提高车辆、道路、停车场地等社会资源的利用效率，带动旅游业、汽车工业、金融保险业的发展，提高人民群众生活质量，都具有重要的现实意义。
As a new transportation service industry in China, car rental is an important means of transportation to meet the needs of people’s personalized travel, business activities and major social activities, and an important part of the comprehensive transportation system. Promoting the healthy development of car rental industry is an important measure to change the development mode of transportation and promote the development of modern transportation industry. It is also an important measure to improve the comprehensive transportation system, change the development mode of road transportation, improve the utilization efficiency of social resources such as vehicles, roads, parking lots, drive the development of tourism, automobile industry, finance and insurance industry, and improve the quality of life of the people, All of them have important practical significance.
随着中国汽车产业的飞速发展，汽车租赁业在近两年也日益火爆起来。但法规的不健全、管理的不规范等状况已成为困扰汽车租赁业发展的一个瓶颈。在 2009 年的政府工作报告中，温家宝总理就明确提到，要加快发展汽车租赁市场，这体现出政府对汽车租赁行业的重视，同时，公务车改革也给汽车租赁带来机会。2011 年 4 月，交通运输部下发了《关于促进汽车租赁业健康发展的通知》，明确提出今后 5 至 10 年，我国将初步形成龙头企业引领、经营主体多元、网络覆盖全国、经营行为规范、市场秩序良好、服务标准与国际先进水平接轨的汽车租赁服务体系，基本满足经济社会发展和人民群众对汽车租赁业的需求。预计到 2015 年，中国汽车租赁市场的整体租车规模将达到 30 万辆，整体市场规模将超过 350 亿元。
With the rapid development of China’s automobile industry, the car rental industry has become increasingly popular in the past two years. However, the imperfection of laws and regulations and the nonstandard management have become the bottleneck of the development of car rental industry. In the 2009 government work report, Premier Wen Jiabao made it clear that we need to accelerate the development of the car rental market, which reflects the government’s attention to the car rental industry. At the same time, the official car reform also brings opportunities for car rental. In April 2011, the Ministry of transport issued the notice on promoting the healthy development of car rental industry, which clearly put forward 5-10 in the future In, China will initially form a car rental service system with leading enterprises, diversified business entities, nationwide network coverage, standardized business behavior, good market order, and service standards in line with the international advanced level, which will basically meet the needs of economic and social development and the people for the car rental industry. It is estimated that by 2015, the overall car rental scale of China’s car rental market will reach 300000, and the overall market scale will exceed 35 billion yuan.
六个优势
Six advantages
车型可随时更新
Models can be updated at any time
随着人们消费水平的提高，对高档消费品有不断更新的欲望。在欧美人们平均 8 个月更换一次车型。假在花费三十多万元购买一台轿车，因社会经济发展很快，一年后汽车的性能、外观改进很多，而价格却会大幅下降。一年后，如果想换新车型，老车可能 15 万元就很难卖出。这意味着，一年中车价损失接近 20 万元。但假如租赁一台三十多万元的车，只需 10 余万元。而且，可随时租用最新车型。从人们经常更换手机的状况就能预料到几年后，经常换新车，将是人们的新时尚。
With the improvement of people’s consumption level, there is a desire to constantly update high-end consumer goods. In Europe and America, people change their models every 8 months on average. Fake spending more than 30 million yuan to buy a car, because of the rapid development of social economy, a year later, the performance and appearance of the car improved a lot, but the price will drop dramatically. A year later, if you want to change the model, the old car may be 150000 yuan hard to sell. This means that the loss of car price in a year is close to 200000 yuan. But if rent a car of more than 30 million yuan, only need more than 100 thousand yuan. Moreover, the latest models can be rented at any time. From the fact that people often change their mobile phones, it can be predicted that in a few years, it will be a new fashion for people to change new cars frequently.
解除检验烦恼
Remove inspection trouble
自购车辆后对车辆的维修和保养及一年一度的车辆年检要耗费很多财力和精力。但如果租车，就不存在这些烦恼，无论是车辆维修还是其它原因，车辆不能正常使用时，租赁公司都会及时提供替代车，保证用车。
The maintenance and repair of self purchased vehicles and the annual inspection of vehicles cost a lot of money and energy. However, if you rent a car, there will be no such troubles. No matter for vehicle maintenance or other reasons, when the car cannot be used normally, the leasing company will provide a replacement car in time to ensure the use of the car.
提高资金利用率
Improve capital utilization
如果自购车辆要一次性支付 30 万元，消费者具有一定经济实力。也就是说租车和买车相比至少可节省一次性投资 20 万元。消费者用这 20 万元去经营，可赚取一笔可观的利润。
If the self purchased vehicle needs to pay 300000 yuan at one time, the consumer has certain economic strength. That is to say, compared with buying a car, renting a car can save at least 200000 yuan of one-time investment. Consumers can make a considerable profit by using the 200000 yuan to operate.
良好财务状况
Good financial position
自购车辆必然会造成固定资产增加、借款增加、流动资产减少使财务出现不良状况，而租赁车辆将有效回避上述风险。
The self purchased vehicles will inevitably cause the increase of fixed assets, the increase of borrowings and the decrease of current assets, which will lead to the bad financial situation, while the leased vehicles will effectively avoid the above risks.
提高成本观念
Improve cost concept
自购车辆使用时随心所欲，特别是单位公车，私自用车现象较多，造成不必要的浪费，而如果租赁车，一是可根据业务需要随时调控用车数量，二是用车人知道自己的用车成本，可直接减少不必要的用车，有效地提
When using self purchased vehicles at will, especially the unit bus, there are many private vehicles, causing unnecessary waste. If you rent a car, you can adjust the number of vehicles at any time according to business needs, and the user knows his own vehicle cost, which can directly reduce unnecessary vehicles, and effectively collect them
