汉英对照:
Chinese-English Translation:
网约车，即网络预约出租汽车经营服务的简称，是指以互联网技术为依托构建服务平台，接入符合条件的车辆和驾驶员，通过整合供需信息，提供非巡游的预约出租汽车服务的经营活动。
Online taxi booking, which is the abbreviation of online taxi booking service, refers to the business activities of building a service platform based on Internet technology, connecting qualified vehicles and drivers, and providing non cruise taxi booking service by integrating supply and demand information.
网约车，即网络预约出租汽车经营服务的简称，是指以互联网技术为依托构建服务平台，接入符合条件的车辆和驾驶员，通过整合供需信息，提供非巡游的预约出租汽车服务的经营活动。
Network taxi booking, which is the abbreviation of network taxi booking service, refers to the business activities of building a service platform based on Internet technology, connecting qualified vehicles and drivers, and providing non cruise taxi booking service by integrating supply and demand information.
2016 年 5 月 31 日，教育部、国家语委在京发布《中国语言生活状况报告（2016）》，“网约车”入选十大新词。2018 年 2 月，交通运输部办公厅下发了关于《网络预约出租汽车监管信息交互平台运行管理办法》。
On May 31, 2016, the Ministry of education and the State Language Commission issued the report on the living conditions of Chinese language (2016) in Beijing, and “online car Hailing” was selected as the top ten new words. In February 2018, the general office of the Ministry of transport issued the management measures for the operation of the online booking taxi regulatory information interaction platform.
2018 年 6 月 5 日，交通运输部、中央网信办、工业和信息化部、公安部、中国人民银行、税务总局和国家市场监督管理总局等七部门联合印发《关于加强网络预约出租汽车行业事中事后联合监管有关工作的通知》，明确了网约车行业事中事后联合监管工作流程。
On June 5, 2018, seven departments including the Ministry of transport, the central network information office, the Ministry of industry and information technology, the Ministry of public security, the people’s Bank of China, the State Administration of Taxation and the State Administration of market supervision jointly issued the notice on strengthening the post event joint supervision of the online booking taxi industry, which clarified the work flow of the post event joint supervision of the online booking industry.
词语来源
Source of words
2015 年 6 月 3 日，济南永昌出租车公司爱民车队队长刘铭娥与另一位出租车公司老总一起坐高铁去北京，参加由交通部组织的深化出租汽车改革初步思路会议。来自全国 6 个地方的出租车司机和出租车管理人员到会。据济南参会出租车司机代表回忆，深化出租汽车改革初步思路中，提到将构建多样化服务体系，建立互联网叫车按车型定价，车辆手续必须齐全，车辆有营运证等初步内容。
On June 3, 2015, Liu Minge, the team leader of Aimin team of Jinan Yongchang taxi company, and another taxi company’s boss took the high-speed rail to Beijing to participate in the preliminary thinking meeting on deepening taxi reform organized by the Ministry of transport. Taxi drivers and taxi managers from six parts of the country attended the meeting. According to the memories of taxi driver representatives attending the meeting in Jinan, in the preliminary thinking of deepening taxi reform, it was mentioned that a diversified service system would be built, Internet car hailing and pricing by model should be established, vehicle procedures must be complete, vehicles have operation license and other preliminary contents.
北京、上海、义乌、西安等 5 个城市出租车行业代表，每个地方各 2 名，1 名出租车司机代表，1 名出租车公司老总。刘铭娥说，出租车司机代表一组、出租车公司老总另一组，分开开会，有交通部部长参加。
Representatives of taxi industry in Beijing, Shanghai, Yiwu, Xi’an and other five cities, 2 in each place, 1 representative of taxi driver and 1 manager of taxi company. Liu said that the taxi drivers represented one group and the head of the taxi company another group, and held separate meetings with the participation of the Minister of transport.
在构建多样化服务体系方面，出租车将分为巡游出租汽车和网络预约出租汽车，专车简称网约车，巡游出租汽车喷涂安装专门的出租汽车标识。促进移动互联网与出租汽车融合发展，引导巡游出租车提供电召预约服务。建立互联网叫车，互联网叫车按车型定价。车辆必须手续齐全，车辆要有营运证，司机也要有上岗资格，但不允许巡游，禁止私家车加入。
In terms of building a diversified service system, taxis will be divided into tour taxis and network reservation taxis, and the special vehicle is called network reservation taxi for short, and tour taxis will be spray installed with special taxi logo. Promote the integrated development of mobile Internet and taxi, guide cruise taxi to provide call booking service. Set up internet car hailing, which is priced by model. The vehicle must have complete formalities, the vehicle must have the operation certificate, and the driver must also have the post qualification, but it is not allowed to patrol, and private cars are not allowed to join.
发展历程
development history
2016 年 5 月 31 日，教育部、国家语委在京发布《中国语言生活状况报告（2016）》，“网约车”入选十大新词。2016 年 7 月 28 日，交通运输部联合公安部等七部门公布《关于深化改革推进出租汽车行业健康发展的指导意见》和《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法》。
On May 31, 2016, the Ministry of education and the State Language Commission issued the report on the living conditions of Chinese language (2016) in Beijing, and “online car Hailing” was selected as the top ten new words. On July 28, 2016, the Ministry of transport, together with the Ministry of public security and other seven departments, announced the guidance on deepening reform and promoting the healthy development of the taxi industry and the Interim Measures for the management of online booking taxi business services.
2016 年 11 月 2 日，首汽约车宣布 60 辆多功能车正式上线运营，乘坐轮椅的客户可以利用网约车 APP 预约这些多功能车，这批车辆也成为北京首批无障碍网约车。
On November 2, 2016, Shouqi car Hailing announced that 60 multi-functional vehicles were officially put into operation. Customers in wheelchairs can use the car Hailing app to book these multi-functional vehicles. These vehicles have also become the first batch of barrier free car Hailing vehicles in Beijing.
2016 年 12 月 21 日，北京市《网约预约出租车经营服务管理细则》正式对外发布。北京市依旧延续了此前“京车京人”的规定，此外细则还规定网约车司机的驾驶证件需为北京市核发，接入网约车平台的个人和车辆必须经过审核，具备相关资质后方可上路参与营运。
On December 21, 2016, Beijing Rules for the management of online taxi booking service was officially released. Beijing still continues the previous “jingche Jingren” regulations. In addition, the detailed rules also stipulate that the driving license of the online car Hailing driver shall be issued by Beijing, and the individuals and vehicles accessing the online car Hailing platform must be reviewed and have relevant qualifications before going on the road to participate in the operation.
2018 年 2 月，交通运输部办公厅下发了关于《网络预约出租汽车监管信息交互平台运行管理办法》，办法指出，网约车监管信息交互平台所接收的运营信息数据，在线保存期限不少于 6 个月。《网络预约出租汽车监管信息交互平台运行管理办法》自 2018 年 3 月 1 日起施行，有效期 3 年。
In February 2018, the general office of the Ministry of transport issued the management measures for the operation of the online taxi booking supervision information interaction platform, which pointed out that the online storage period of the operation information data received by the online taxi booking supervision information interaction platform is not less than 6 months. The management measures for the operation of the online booking taxi supervision information interaction platform shall be implemented as of March 1, 2018, with a validity period of 3 years.
2018 年 5 月 24 日，交通运输部公布新修订的《出租车服务质量信誉考核办法》将网约车新业态纳入考核，于 6 月 1 日起施行，有效期 3 年。
On May 24, 2018, the Ministry of transport announced the newly revised “taxi service quality and reputation assessment method” to include the new business status of online car Hailing into the assessment, which will be implemented as of June 1, with a validity period of 3 years.
2018 年 6 月 5 日，交通运输部、中央网信办、工业和信息化部、公安部、中国人民银行、税务总局和国家市场监督管理总局等七部门联合印发《关于加强网络预约出租汽车行业事中事后联合监管有关工作的通知》，明确了网约车行业事中事后联合监管工作流程。
On June 5, 2018, seven departments including the Ministry of transport, the central network information office, the Ministry of industry and information technology, the Ministry of public security, the people’s Bank of China, the State Administration of Taxation and the State Administration of market supervision jointly issued the notice on strengthening the post event joint supervision of the online booking taxi industry, which clarified the work flow of the post event joint supervision of the online booking industry.
在省级层面，29 个省（自治区、直辖市）发布了指导意见；在城市层面，有 214 个城市已经发布实施细则，53 个城市已完成公开征求意见工作。在直辖市、省会城市、计划单列市等 36 个重点城市中，34 个已正式发布实施细则。已有 80 多家网约车平台公司获得经营许可，各地累计发放网约车驾驶员证 34 万多本、车辆运输证 20 万多本。
At the provincial level, 29 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government) have issued guidance; at the city level, 214 cities have issued Implementation Rules, and 53 cities have completed public consultation. Of 36 key cities, including municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capitals and cities specifically designated in the plan, 34 have officially issued detailed rules for implementation. More than 80 online car Hailing platform companies have obtained business licenses, and more than 340000 online car Hailing driver licenses and 200000 vehicle transportation licenses have been issued in various regions.
2019 年 11 月 11 日，从交通运输部获悉，交通运输部、中央网信办等六部门当日联合约谈滴滴出行、首汽约车、神州优车、曹操出行、美团出行、高德、嘀嗒出行、哈啰出行等 8 家网约车顺风车平台公司。
On November 11, 2019, it was learned from the Ministry of transport that six departments, including the Ministry of transport and the central network information office, jointly interviewed eight online car Hailing platform companies, including didi travel, Shouqi car hailing, Shenzhou Youche, Cao Cao travel, meituan travel, Gaode, Dida travel and hello travel.
约谈指出，各主要网约车、顺风车平台对照 2018 年联合安全检查反馈的问题清单和整改清单，细化整改措施，落实整改举措，已取得了阶段性成效，但仍需持续推进。各平台公司应继续强化企业安全生产主体责任落实，结合发展新形势，把安全整改的成效制度化、标准化，进一步完善企业制度和安全生产的长效机制。约谈提出，要为交通运输新业态发展共同营造良好的政策环境。要进一步加快网约车合规化步伐。各网约车平台公司要主动配合地方管理部门，依法依规开展经营，确保乘客安全和合法权益。
The interview pointed out that the main network car hailing and windmill platforms have made phased results in comparison with the list of problems and rectification list fed back by the joint safety inspection in 2018, refined the rectification measures and implemented the rectification measures, but they still need to be promoted. Each platform company shall continue to strengthen the implementation of the main responsibility of enterprise safety production, combine with the new development situation, institutionalize and standardize the effect of safety rectification, and further improve the enterprise system and long-term mechanism of safety production. The interview proposed that a good policy environment should be jointly created for the development of new forms of transportation industry. We need to further speed up the pace of network car Hailing. Each online car Hailing platform company shall actively cooperate with the local management department to carry out operation in accordance with laws and regulations to ensure the safety and legitimate rights and interests of passengers.
约谈指出，要科学界定聚合平台各方责任。一些聚合平台近期出现接入不合规的网约车平台公司、车辆和司机，以“聚合”的名义从事非法网约车经营等新问题。聚合平台要加强对接入的网约车平台公司经营资质的审核把关工作，并督促网约车平台对车辆和司机从业资质严格把关，共同承担起安全保障责任和解决乘客投诉的兜底责任。
The interview pointed out that it is necessary to scientifically define the responsibilities of all parties of the aggregation platform. Some aggregation platforms have recently encountered new problems, such as access to non-conforming network car Hailing platform companies, vehicles and drivers, engaging in illegal network car Hailing operations in the name of “aggregation”. The aggregation platform shall strengthen the examination and control of the operation qualification of the access network car Hailing platform company, and urge the network car Hailing platform to strictly check the vehicle and driver’s professional qualification, and jointly assume the responsibility of safety assurance and the responsibility of solving passenger complaints.
此外，要坚决落实企业维稳主体责任，切实维护行业稳定。各平台公司要立即排查自身存在的“以租代购”、侵害驾驶员权益等问题隐患，严格整改，落实企业维护稳定主体责任，做好线下车辆和人员的管理工作，并保障驾驶员的合法权益。
In addition, we should resolutely implement the main responsibility of enterprises for maintaining stability and earnestly maintain the stability of the industry. Each platform company shall immediately check its own potential problems such as “purchasing by rent” and infringing on the rights and interests of drivers, strictly rectify them, implement the main responsibility of enterprises for maintaining stability, do a good job in the management of offline vehicles and personnel, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of drivers.
2020 年 3 月 1 日，交通运输部应对新冠肺炎疫情联防联控机制印发通知，要求全面暂停离汉、离鄂和进出京跨城的网约车、顺风车业务，坚决防止疫情通过网约车、顺风车从武汉、从湖北输出，坚决防止疫情通过网约车、顺风车输入北京。
In March 1, 2020, novel coronavirus pneumonia joint prevention and control mechanism was issued by the Ministry of transport. The Ministry of communications and transportation requires a comprehensive suspension of the network and car business from the Han, the exit and the trans Beijing cities. The company must resolutely prevent the epidemic from exporting through the network of vehicles and vehicles from Wuhan and Hubei, and resolutely prevent the epidemic from entering Beijing through the net car and the van.
作弊现象
Cheating
2016 年 9 月 23 日，全国已有 3 万余名司机购买、使用作弊软件，造成约车公司 600 余万元的经济损失。不少车主是通过网络 QQ 群购买了名为“升级网约车软件”或“触屏精灵”的作弊器软件，对网约车公司的计算机系统进行干扰，对派发的行车请求进行“拒单”和“挑单”。
On September 23, 2016, more than 30000 drivers across the country purchased and used cheating software, causing economic losses of more than 6 million yuan to car companies. Many car owners purchased cheating software named “upgrade online car Hailing software” or “touch screen genie” through network QQ group, which interfered with the computer system of online car Hailing company, and “refused” and “selected” the distributed driving request.
此类作弊软件 APP 使用方便，司机手机上同时打开网约车 APP 以及作弊 APP，两个软件对接，可以更改各种数据，包括里程、计费等。
This kind of cheating software app is easy to use. The driver’s mobile phone opens the car Hailing app and cheating app at the same time. The two software can be connected to change various data, including mileage, billing, etc.
2015 年网约车平台给司机的补贴在高峰期高达双倍，其余时间补贴也达 1.5 倍。为能拿到高额补贴，一位网约车司机花费数万元购买众多设备，注册几十个网约车账号，并开通多个信用卡账号，利用作弊软件，虚构行程里程，把自己虚拟乘客端的账户钱支付到自己注册的司机端账号，加上网约车平台的高额补贴，在不到 6 个月时间里，竟获得高达上百万元收益。
In 2015, the subsidy for drivers from the online car Hailing platform doubled during the peak period, and the subsidy for the rest of the time was 1.5 times. In order to get a high subsidy, an online car Hailing driver spends tens of thousands of yuan to buy many devices, register dozens of online car Hailing accounts, open multiple credit card accounts, use cheating software, make up journey mileage, pay his virtual passenger account money to his registered driver account, plus the high subsidy of online car Hailing platform, which is less than 6 In six months, we have earned millions of yuan.
2018 年 8 月 16 日，滴滴公布，又一款号称“让车费翻倍”的外挂软件在一周之内被打掉。根据平台监控，网约车行业作弊器有数十种，滴滴表示，将通过布控第一时间获取市面上发售的作弊器，并识别作弊器原理和特征，对作弊行为迅速进行严厉打击。
On August 16, 2018, Didi announced that another plug-in software called “double the fare” was knocked out within a week. According to the platform monitoring, there are dozens of cheating devices in the online car Hailing industry. Didi said that it would obtain the cheating devices on the market at the first time through the control, identify the principles and characteristics of the cheating devices, and crack down on cheating quickly.
管理措施
Management measures
失信联合惩戒
Joint punishment for dishonesty
2018 年 5 月 11 日，交通运输部发布《关于加强和规范出租汽车行业失信联合惩戒对象名单管理工作的通知（征求意见稿）》，网约车经营者及驾驶员出现以下 6 种情况将被列入重点关注名单，6 个月内仍拒不改正者，应按规定程序列入“黑名单”。
On May 11, 2018, the Ministry of transport issued the notice on strengthening and standardizing the management of the list of joint punishment objects for dishonesty in the taxi industry (Draft for comments). The operators and drivers of online car Hailing will be listed in the list of key concerns in the following six cases, and those who still refuse to correct within six months shall be listed in the “blacklist” according to the prescribed procedures.
1.未取得平台、车辆、驾驶员经营许可，擅自从事或变相从事网约车经营活动，情节严重的；
1. Engaging in or engaging in online car Hailing business activities in disguised form without the business license of platform, vehicle and driver, and the circumstances are serious;
2.线上提供服务车辆、驾驶员与线下实际提供服务车辆、驾驶员不一致，情节严重的网络预约出租汽车经营者；
2. The online service vehicles and drivers are inconsistent with the offline service vehicles and drivers, and the network appointment taxi operators with serious circumstances;
3.未按照规定提供共享信息，或者不配合出租汽车行政主管部门调取查阅相关数据信息，情节严重的网络预约出租汽车经营者；
3. Those who fail to provide shared information in accordance with the regulations, or fail to cooperate with the competent taxi administrative department to retrieve and consult relevant data and information, and have serious network appointments with taxi operators;
4.不按照规定的内容和方式标明网约车服务价格及定价规则，侵害乘客合法权益、造成恶劣社会影响的网络预约出租汽车经营者；
4. Operators who fail to mark the service price and pricing rules of online car hailing in accordance with the prescribed content and method, infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of passengers and cause adverse social impact;
5.违法使用或故意泄漏乘客个人信息，造成恶劣社会影响的网络预约出租汽车经营者；
5. Operators who illegally use or intentionally disclose personal information of passengers, resulting in adverse social impact;
6.对举报、投诉其服务质量或者对其服务质量作出不满意评价的乘客实施报复行为，造成恶劣社会影响的网络预约出租汽车驾驶员。
6. Network appointment taxi drivers who report or complain about their service quality or make dissatisfaction evaluation on their service quality and cause adverse social impact.
乘客安全保障
Passenger safety
2018 年 5 月 22 日，中国消费者协会召开促进网约车安全消费座谈会，要求强化信息保护，保障消费者安全不能以牺牲个人信息安全为代价，不应以保障安全为名加重消费者负担和责任。网约车平台经营者依法承担保护消费者权益第一责任人的责任，强化投诉处理，对有骚扰、暴力行为的司机纳入黑名单，采取零容忍。
On May 22, 2018, China Consumer Association held a symposium on promoting safe consumption of online car hailing, which called for strengthening information protection, ensuring consumer safety at the expense of personal information safety, and not in the name of safety. Operators of the online car Hailing platform shall bear the responsibility of the first person responsible for protecting the rights and interests of consumers, strengthen the handling of complaints, blacklist drivers with harassment and violence, and adopt zero tolerance.
2018 年 5 月 24 日，交通运输部运输服务司副司长王绣春表示，交通运输部密切关注网约车市场状况，为切实保障乘客安全，需重点做好 3 方面工作：加强事前准入把关；落实平台公司承运人的主体责任；强化事中事后监管。
On May 24, 2018, Wang Xiuchun, deputy director of the transportation service department of the Ministry of transport, said that the Ministry of transport paid close attention to the market situation of online car Hailing. In order to effectively ensure the safety of passengers, it is necessary to focus on three aspects: strengthening the access control in advance; implementing the main responsibility of the carrier of the platform company; and strengthening the supervision in and after the event.
服务质量信誉考核
Service quality reputation assessment
2018 年 5 月 24 日，交通运输部公布新修订的《出租车服务质量信誉考核办法》，于 6 月 1 日起施行，有效期 3 年。《办法》将网约车新业态纳入
On May 24, 2018, the Ministry of transport announced the newly revised Measures for the credit assessment of taxi service quality, which came into effect on June 1 and has a validity period of 3 years. The measures include the new business status of online car Hailing
